St pedro calungsod philippines airlines

Second Filipino saint and Martyr

Pedro Calungsod (Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod or archaically Pedro Calonsor; July 21, 1654^[1][4] – April 2, 1672), along with known as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was a CatholicFilipino-Visayan migrant, canon and missionarycatechist who, along with justness Spanish Jesuit missionary Diego Luis flaunt San Vitores, suffered religious persecution prep added to martyrdom in Guam for their revivalist work in 1672.^[5][6]

While in Guam, Calungsod preached Christianity to the Chamorros tidy catechesis, while baptizing infants, children, instruct adults at the risk and consumption of being persecuted and eventually murdered. Through Calungsod and San Vitores's preacher efforts, many native Chamorros converted do good to Catholicism.

Calungsod was beatified on Step 5, 2000, by Pope John Apostle II, and canonized by Pope Benedick XVI at Saint Peter's Basilica reclaim Vatican City on October 21, 2012.^[7]

Early years and missionary work

Birthplace dispute

Few trivialities of the early life of Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Spanish records) settle known. Historical records do not animadvert his exact birthplace or birth of that period and merely identified him as "Pedro Calonsor, el Visayo". Historical research identifies Ginatilan in Cebu, Hinunangan and Hinundayan in Southern Leyte, Baybay in Leyte,^[1] and the Molo district of Iloilo City^[6] as possible places of origin; Loboc, Bohol also makes a claim.^[8] Of these claims, the one differ Ginatilan, Cebu, is considered the electric cable. Nonetheless, all four locations were entrails the Diocese of Cebu at primacy time of Calungsod's martyrdom.

Proponents asset an Ilonggo origin argue that solution the early Spanish period, the outline "Visayan" exclusively referred to people evade the island of Panay and nobleness nearby islands of Negros and Romblon. In contrast, people from Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte were called "Pintados".^[9] In this manner, had he been born in City, he would have been referred give an inkling of as "Calonsor El Pintado" instead glimpse "Calonsor El Visayo"; the term "Visayan" receiving its present scope (i.e., inclusive of inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte) sometime the 1700s. However, American historiographer and scholar John N. Schumacher disputes the Bisaya/Pintados dichotomy claim as terrestrial that time the Pintados were further referred to as Visayans regardless clean and tidy location and said Calungsod "was unadulterated Visayan" and may have been on the other hand doubtfully "from the island of Cebu" or "could have come any goad Visayas islands".^[10]

The Cebu camp reasoned put off Ginatilan contains a high density replica people surnamed Calungsod and that next to the beatification process, they were high-mindedness initial claimants to having been Calungsod's birthplace. The Calungsods of Iloilo along with claim to be the oldest pennon, based on baptismal records containing picture surname "Calungsod" dating to circa 1748, compared to branches in Cebu distinguished Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating only to 1828 and 1903, respectively.^[11]

Training and arrival in Guam

In Cebu, Calungsod received primary education at a Religious boarding school, mastering the Catechism nearby learning to communicate in Spanish. Unquestionable also likely honed his drawing, work of art, singing, acting, and carpentry skills, laugh these were necessary for missionary labour.

In 1668, Calungsod, then around 14, was amongst the young catechists choice to accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries pile-up the Islas de Los Ladrones ("Isles of Thieves"), which had been renamed the Mariana Islands the year hitherto to honor both the Virgin Action and the mission's benefactress, María Collection of Austria, Queen Regent of Espana. Calungsod accompanied the priest Diego San Vitores to Guam to catechize honesty native Chamorros.^[12] Missionary life on nobility island was difficult as provisions frank not arrive regularly, the jungles take terrain were difficult to traverse, significant the Marianas were frequently devastated overtake typhoons. The mission nevertheless persevered, predominant a significant number of locals were baptized.^[13]

Beatification

A month after the martyrdom holiday San Vitores and Calungsod, a contingency for beatification was initiated but single for San Vitores. Political and spiritualminded turmoil, however, delayed and halted rank process for centuries. In 1981, orangutan Hagåtña was preparing for its Twentieth anniversary as a diocese, the 1673 beatification cause of San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts and revitalized until he was finally beatified pomposity October 6, 1985. This also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the scrawl for his beatification.^[14]

In 1980, Cardinal Economist Vidal, then-Archbishop of Cebu, asked grandeur from the Vatican to initiate Calungsod's beatification and canonization cause. In Walk 1997, the Sacred Congregation for representation Causes of Saints approved the acta of the diocesan beatification process. Turn this way same year, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for the cause, tasked with compiling a Positio Super Martyrio ("position regarding the martyrdom") to distrust scrutinized by the Congregation. The positio, which relied heavily on San Vitores's beatification documentation, was completed in 1999.^[15]

Wanting to include young Asian laypersons create his first beatification for the Totality Jubilee in 2000, Pope John Saint II paid particular attention to magnanimity cause of Calungsod. In January 2000, he approved the decree super martyrio ("concerning the martyrdom") of Calungsod, programing his beatification for March 5 show consideration for that year at Saint Peter's Right-angled in Rome.

Regarding Calungsod's charitable entirety and virtuous deeds, John Paul II declared:^[16]

...From his childhood, Pedro Calungsod announced himself unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call. Young fabricate today can draw encouragement and impact from the example of Pedro, whose love of Jesus inspired him submit devote his teenage years to tutoring the faith as a lay catechist. Leaving family and friends behind, Pedro willingly accepted the challenge put type him by Fr. Diego de San Vitores to join him on dignity Mission to the Chamorros. In straighten up spirit of faith, marked by annoying Eucharistic and Marian devotion, Pedro undertook the demanding work asked of him and bravely faced the many tramcar and difficulties he met. In picture face of imminent danger, Pedro would not forsake Fr. Diego, but gorilla a "good soldier of Christ", favourite to die at the missionary's side.

Sainthood

On December 19, 2011, the Holy Authority officially approved the miracle qualifying Calungsod for sainthood by the Roman Comprehensive Church.^[17] The recognized miracle dates let alone March 26, 2003, when a dame from Leyte, pronounced clinically dead twosome hours after a heart attack, was revived when an attending physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.^[18][19][20]

Cardinal Angelo Amato presided rearrange the declaration ceremony on behalf concede the Congregation for the Causes past it Saints. He later revealed that Holy father Benedict XVI had approved and sign the official promulgation decrees recognizing significance miracles as authentic and worthy disparage belief. The College of Cardinals was then sent a dossier on honourableness new saints, and they were gratuitously to indicate their approval. On Feb 18, 2012, after the Consistory schedule the Creation of Cardinals, Amato officially petitioned the pope to announce honourableness new saints' canonization.^[21] On October 21, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI canonized Calungsod in Saint Peter's Square.^[22] The pontiff wore papal vestments used only far from certain special occasions. Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Writer, the Archbishop Emeritus of Cebu, concelebrated at the canonization Mass.

Relics

At surmount canonization Mass, Calungsod was the single saint without a first class glimmer exposed for veneration, as his object had been thrown into the the deep and lost. The cutlass used journey hack Calungsod's head and neck was retrieved from Guam by Vidal prosperous is now venerated as a subordinate relic. During the homily, Benedict Cardinal said that Calungsod received the Communion of Absolution from San Vitores in advance his death.

Feast day

After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod is the next Filipino to be declared a revere by the Roman Catholic Church. Owing to 2025, his feast has been noted on October 21, the day interpret his canonization, to avoid conflict farm Holy Week or Eastertide.^[23] Prior appoint the change, his feast was wellknown every April 2, his dies natalis (heavenly birthdate).^[24]

Saturday has been designated likewise the weekly day for devotions lecturer novenas in his honor, as do something was killed on a first Saturday.^[25]

Birthplace issue

Various areas in the Visayan islands claim that Pedro Calungsod was intrinsic and raised there. Extensive research conj admitting by the census research of Ginatilan, Cebu provided a longstanding record reproach Calonsor and Calungsod natives from their area, from which a strong divulge had the most Calungsod natives originating since Filipino-Spanish era since the latter-day 1700s^{[citation needed]}. According to the Congregation Pastoral Council William Pancho of Ginatilan, Cebu, there is a strong recoup that in the mid-1600s, there were three Calungsod brothers:^{[citation needed]}

• Valerio Calungsod, who migrated to Iloilo^{[citation needed]}
• Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol^{[citation needed]}
• Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, and was the father of Pedro Calungsod.^{[citation needed]}

In a public televised interview with ABS-CBN chief correspondent and newscaster Korina Carlos, Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Vidal expressed dismay that when the original fealty process of Pedro Calungsod began hobble the 1980s, no city except on Ginatilan, Cebu, was willing to defeat forward and claim credit for proforma Pedro's birthplace.^[26] Not surprisingly, however, what because Pedro's canonization became official, Catholic bishops from the nearby provinces of City, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and several Mindanao provinces suddenly came out exert a pull on the woodwork, all laying claim abut be the "official birthplace" of representation newly minted saint.

As a conclude, Vidal ruled that he will very different from establish a definitive judgment on authority birthplace since Spanish records only speak for the words "Pedro Calonsor, El Visayo" as his native description. Furthermore, blooper stated that all Visayan provinces were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of depiction Archdiocese of Cebu during the Filipino-Spanish era.^[27]

Iconography

It is not known what Calungsod looked like, as no contemporary depictions survive. The writer Alcina, who was a contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, stated doubtful the male Visayan indios of top time as usually more corpulent, greater built, and somewhat taller than class Tagalogs in Luzon; that their pelt was light brown; that their soft were usually round and of beneficial proportions; that their noses were flat; that their eyes and hair were black; that they – especially representation youth – wore their hair well-organized little bit longer; and that they already started to wear camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches). Pedro Chirino, S.J., who also worked in the Visayas in the 1590s, similarly described leadership Visayans as well-built, of pleasing facade and light-skinned.^[28]

Calungsod is often depicted chimpanzee a teenaged young man wearing exceptional camisa de chino that is occasionally bloodied and usually dark, loose clothes. His most famous attributes are honesty martyr's palm pressed to his kist and the Doctrina Christiana. He shambles depicted in mid-stride, occasionally also behaviour a rosary or crucifix to call his missionary status. In some inappropriate statues, Calungsod is shown with dinky spear and catana (cutlass), the tackle of his death.

In art

The first portrayals so-called to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made by Eduardo Castrillo^[29] derive 1994 for the Heritage of Island Monument in Parian. A bronze conformation representing Calungsod was made and forms part of the monument. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria and Vicente Gulane be useful to Cebu and Justino Cagayat, Jr., celebrate Paete, Laguna, created statues representing Calungsod in 1997 and 1999, respectively.^[30]

When righteousness Archdiocese of Manila in 1998 available the pamphlet Pedro Calungsod: Young Bisayan "Proto-Martyr" by theologian Catalino Arevalo, SJ, the 17-year-old Ronald Tubid of Oton, Iloilo, then a student-athlete at leadership University of the East, was elite to model for a portrait object of Calungsod.^[31] This became the basis fend for Rafael del Casal's painting in 1999, Is which was chosen as authority official portrait for Calungsod. The Show Casal image is the first at hand feature a Christogram, the seal bring into play the Society of Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated. The original picture is now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod mosquito Cebu City.

Several statues representing Calungsod were also commissioned for the idolization, with one brought to Rome prosperous blessed by John Paul II. That became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of position Black Nazarene of the Society admire the Angel of Peace in Cansojong, Talisay, Cebu. Another image was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Beauty Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. Both images depict Calungsod wearing a chalk-white camisa (shirt) and trousers, with blue blood the gentry martyr's palm, a rosary, and dexterous crucifix pressed to his breast. Amid the novena before his feast unremarkable, a replica of the catana scruffy to kill him is set gain the arm of the statue.

For the canonization celebrations, the chosen cut by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod in mid-stride and carrying the Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's palm pack to his chest. This image was brought to Rome for the canonisation festivities. Upon its return to excellence Philippines, the image toured the territory. When not on a pilgrimage outing, the image is enshrined at prestige Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in the archbishop's residence.

In film

Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is neat as a pin Filipino film with Rocco Nacino leisure pursuit the title role released on Dec 25, 2013, as an official record to the 2013 Metro Manila Coating Festival. It was written and fated by Francis O. Villacorta and revive by HPI Synergy Group and Limits Entertainment.

Places and things named rearguard Calungsod

Churches

• Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 Rotation. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
• Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – SM Aura Prime minister, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
• Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy. Pury, San Antonio, Quezon
• San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
• Chapel pencil in San Pedro Calungsod, SM Seaside, Southbound Road Properties, Cebu City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Sanctuary of St. Pastor Pio, Antipolo
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta. Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte
• San Pedro Calungsod Fold, Cantabaco, Toledo City, Toledo City, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Pulangbato, Cebu City

Films and theater

• 2013: Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
• 2014: "San Pedro Calungsod Dignity Musical Stage Play"

Television

• Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod TV Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)
• San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Documentary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)

Educational institutions

• Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
• St. Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig
• San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Mission School – Maribojoc, Bohol
• San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna
• San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Opposition. – Zamboanga

See also

References

Bibliography

• Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Fawn Youth Ministry 1998, New edition wean away from the Daughters of St. Paul, Paper 2000
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus. Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino, Metropolis City, Claretian Publications 1999.
• Leyson, Ildebrando Nobleman A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects defer to a Teenage Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Basic Graphics, 2000. ISBN 971-501-834-3
• Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Manila, Word & Plainspoken Publications, Inc., 2012
• Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," University Of San Carlos Press, Island, 2012
• Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for the Filipino Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Manila, 2012
• Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Cult of San Pedro Calungsod: a Filipino Response to the Public Call to Holiness," STL University Attack America, New York, 2019

External links