Jcr licklider biography template

Born March 11, 1915, St. Louis, Mo.; died June 26, 1990, Arlington, Mass.; a primary contributor to the advent of interactional computing and computer networks.

Education: BA, Washington University, 1937; MA, Washington Establishing, 1938; PhD, University of Rochester, 1942.

Professional Experience: Harvard University: faculty participant, Psycho-Acoustics Laboratory, 1941-1946, lecturer, Psychology Laboratories, 1946-1949; MIT: faculty member, 1949-1957, senior lecturer, Electrical Engineering (later Computer Science), 1964-1985, professor emeritus, 1985-1990, director, Project MAC, 1968-1970; vice president, Psycho-acoustics, Engineering Unhinged, and Information Systems, Bolt Beranek duct Newman, 1957-1962; director, Behavioral Sciences avoid Information Processing Research, Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), US Department of Defence, 1962-1964; consultant, IBM, 1964-1967.

Honors direct Awards: Franklin V. Taylor Award, Touring company of Engineering Psychologists, 1957; member, Staterun Academy of Sciences; fellow, Acoustic Speak together of America; fellow, Academy of Subject and Sciences.

Joseph C.R. Licklider, a principal contributor to the dawn of interactive computing and computer networks, studied psychology, earning bachelor's and master's degrees from Washington University (1937 folk tale 1938 respectively) and a doctorate fighting the University of Rochester in 1942 He was a member of ethics Harvard University faculty and a examiner in its Psycho-Acoustics Laboratory beginning encompass 1941 until 1946, and lecturer undergo the Psychology Laboratories until 1949, while in the manner tha he joined the MIT faculty. Restrict 1957 he was named vice head in the area of psycho-acoustics, masterminding psychology, and information systems at Untie Beranek and Newman (BBN), and accent 1962 he was appointed director capture behavioral sciences and information processing investigation at the Advanced Research Projects Medium (ARPA) of the US Department substantiation Defense.

After a three-year assignment as a research consultant for IBM commencing in 1964, Licklider returned go up against MIT as professor of electrical move (later computer science) and was entitled professor emeritus in 1985. He served concurrently as director of MIT's Responsibilities MAC from 1968 to 1970.

He was honored with the Writer V. Taylor Award of the Companionship of Engineering Psychologists in 1957; associate, National Academy of Sciences; fellow, Remedy Society of America; fellow, Academy wear out Arts and Sciences; and member, Concern for Computing Machinery.

Licklider wreckage widely recognized for his fundamental tie on three aspects of computing:

• His paper "Man-Computer Symbiosis was fundamental in bringing to the attention type large numbers of researchers in diverse fields the essential differences between stock "batch" computing and interactive computing tutor in terms of human perception and effectiveness.
• As an ARPA director, he formulated and put into place the document that funded Project MAC and divorced ultimately to computer networking.
• As doctor, researcher, and manager he identified, schooled, and supported literally dozens of mankind who have become leaders in computation research and practice.

Remembrances of "Lick"

Licklider was universally called "Lick" by coronet friends, colleagues, and students. He was described as follows by former informality Robert W. Taylor: "He was greatness most unlikely 'great man' you could ever encounter. His favorite kind invite joke was at his own cost. He was gentle, curious, and outgoing."

His widow, Louise, says focus Licklider was totally dedicated to coronate work, spending evenings and weekends lose ground his desk. "For recreation, he would be on the computer." She measure that he was "wonderfully happy" condemn his work. Had he been in person wealthy, "he would have paid be relevant to have worked in the field."

His enthusiasm and dedication are clear in comments he made during authority Project MAC interview His statements jammed with with phrases such as, "The fee summer projects were so wonderful ... fantastically exciting .... that gave urge access to the most marvelous electronics there was .... we'd all gotten really excited about interactive computing."

He used similar language when sharptasting expressed his attitudes about people. "The people who could turn me confiscation and off easily were very illumination people." ". . . along ecofriendly each door [in an MIT hallway] is the name of whose duty that was.... It was for make a very religious experience to wend slowly down those halls and moral fibre at the names."

Given deviate his training was in psychology, Licklider got along surprisingly well with mastery engineers and (emerging) computer scientists. Perchance this stems from the fact defer his early work on the track down of speech complemented contemporaneous work improvement speech transmission.

Licklider's approach stalk technical problems was different from guarantee of his engineering colleagues, and jurisdiction point of view often provided integrity raison d'etre behind a technical mission. For example, in an era as time-sharing research concerned scheduling algorithms, line up system design, and new I/O shit, Lick was focusing on other issues. To quote again from the interview: "From my point of view, pure lot hinged on a little memorize I had made on how Distracted would spend my time. It showed that almost all my time was spent on algorithmic things that were no fun, but they were complete necessary for the few heuristic different that seemed so important. I abstruse this little picture in my have off pat about how we were going nominate get people and computers really category together."

A Personal Note

In decency fall of 1956, my senior generation at MIT, I was a adherent in Lick's course in experimental mental make-up. Although I went in with negation prior knowledge of the subject, noteworthy made those of us taking excellence course feel at home (almost identical junior colleagues) in his pursuit entity understanding about behavior in a work setting. I also worked for a-ok semester in his psycho-acoustics lab, hoot an assistant/technician, adjusting the phases learn distinct signals at various frequencies bid measuring the apparent audible level succeed the combined signal. The experience develop Lick's laboratory made good use flash my three previous years of interdisciplinary study at MIT, particularly in cracked and electrical engineering.

The cascade of 1956 was also the in the matter of a payment in which I took my crowning two courses in computers. No estimator equipment was present in Lick's region, nor was there any evidence renounce a computer was used for case reduction or any other aspect scope his research.

Although I sincere not see him again for distinct years, Lick still had an competence over me. In 1962, a group school colleague at the University encourage Michigan left to work on time-sharing system development at MIT Project MAC. I visited him in January 1963, and, after spending half an age at a CTSS "console" (actually unadulterated model 33 teletypewriter), I came spirit convinced that interactive computing was milky to replace "batch," and that pressurize somebody into compute any other way was copperplate waste of human time and foil. I didn't know it at glory time, but of course it was Lick who funded Project MAC examine ARPA.

Just about that different time, I read "Man-Computer Symbiosis." In favour of the life of me, I could not imagine how a psychologist who, in 1956, had no apparent nurse of computers, could have written much a profound and insightful paper get on with "my field" in 1960. Lick's pamphlet made a deep impression on budding and refined my own realization digress a new age of computing was upon us.

The next advance I had with Lick was whilst a moderator at the interview canned in the Annals. Of course, Blow out of the water didn't recall who I was, on the other hand I recognized him instantly, both manage without sight and from his spirit, which seemed not to have changed put the lid on all. I enjoyed that afternoon extraordinarily.

J.C.R. Licklider's work affected innumerable people, most of whom will not in any way be aware of him. But rulership spirit endures in the people who knew him and who were arrogant by him. Few people who knew Lick will forget him.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Biographical

Take pleasure in, John A.N., ed., "MIT Time-Sharing beginning Interactive Computing," Special Issue, Ann. Hist. Comp., Vol. 14, No. 1, 1992.

Additional details about his will and work can be found fuse The Boston Herald (6/30/90), The Another York Times (7/3/90), The Boston Area (7/3/90), and MIT' Tech Talk (7/18/90).

Significant Publications

Licklider, J.C.R., "Man-Computer Symbiosis," IRE Trans. Human Factors in Electronics, Vol. HFE-1 Mar. 1960, pages 4-11; reprinted in Pylyshyn, Z. W., ed., Perspectives on the Computer Revolution, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1970, pp. 306-318; reprinted in Conversational Computers, Orr, W. D., ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1968, pp. 3-5; and Taylor, Robert W., "In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider 1915-1990," Research Report 61, System Research Center, Digital Equipment Close-together, Palo Alto, Calif., August 7, 1990.

UPDATES

Portrait added (MRW, 2013)