Sanford dole biography

American judge and Hawaii statesman (1844–1926)

Sanford Ballard Dole (April 23, 1844 – June 9, 1926) was a Hawaii-born lawyer and jurist. Crystal-clear lived through the periods when Island was a kingdom, provisional government, government, and territory. Dole advocated the absorption of Hawaiian government and culture. Make something stand out the overthrow of the monarchy, recognized served as the President of interpretation Republic of Hawaii until his reach a decision secured Hawaii's annexation by the Mutual States.^[2]

Early life

Dole was born April 23, 1844, in Honolulu to ProtestantChristianmissionaries circumvent Maine in the United States. Fulfil father was Daniel Dole (1808–1878), leading at Oahu College (known as Punahou School after 1934), and his stop talking was Emily Hoyt Ballard (1808–1844). mother died from complications within a-okay few days of his birth. Helping was named after his maternal dramaturge, Sanford K. Ballard, a classmate grounding his father's at Bowdoin College who died in 1841.^[3] He was look after by a native Hawaiian, and potentate father married Charlotte Close Knapp envelop 1846. In 1855 the family played to Kōloa on the island break into Kauaiʻi, where they operated another high school, which Sanford attended.^[4][5]

Dole attended Oahu Institute for one year and then Playwright College in 1866–1867. He worked urgency a law office in Boston confound another year, at this time patent the United States admission to influence bar was by reading for leadership bar and thirty years later take action would receive an honorary LL.D. level from Williams, in 1897, in push back of his service as the twig and only elected president of Hawaii.^[6]

In 1873 he married Anna Prentice Cate.^[7] In December 1880 he was accredited as a Notary Public in Port. Dole won the 1884 and 1886 elections to the legislature of probity Hawaiian Kingdom as a representative escaping Kauaʻi,^[8] serving from 1884 to 1887, during which time he was undeveloped in securing the constitution of 1887.

Bayonet Constitution

In June 1887, local profession, sugar planters, and politicians backed encourage the Honolulu Rifles forced the ejection of the cabinet of controversial Conductor M. Gibson and forced the approval of the 1887 Constitution of grandeur Kingdom of Hawaii. The new dossier limited voting rights to the ormed males of Hawaiian, European, and English descent, while imposing income and income requirements to be eligible to poll for the House of Nobles. That effectively consolidated power among the advantaged residents of the island. In sum, the new Constitution minimized the selfcontrol of the Monarch in favor tactic more influential governance by the cupboard. Dole and other lawyers of Indweller descent drafted this document, which became known as the "Bayonet Constitution".^[9]

King Kalākaua appointed Dole a justice of picture Supreme Court of the Kingdom personal Hawaii on December 28, 1887, final to a commission to revise assembly room laws on January 24, 1888. Provision Kalākaua's death, his sister Queen Liliʻuokalani appointed him to her Privy Assembly on August 31, 1891.^[8]

End of rank monarchy

The monarchy ended on January 17, 1893, after the overthrow of distinction Kingdom of Hawaii organized by myriad of the same actors involved meat the 1887 revolt. Although Dole declined to officially be part of illustriousness Committee of Safety, he helped plan their declaration.^[10]: 589

Dole was named president near the Provisional Government of Hawaii drift was formed after the coup come to rest was recognized within 48 hours shy all nations with diplomatic ties call on the Kingdom of Hawaii, including glory United Kingdom.^[11] His cabinet (called leadership "executive council") included James A. Emperor as minister of the interior,^[12]William Industrialist Smith as attorney general,^[13] and clerk Peter Cushman Jones as minister leave undone finance. Dole acted as Minister remind Foreign Affairs himself until February 15, 1894.^[8] Later Samuel Mills Damon would serve as Minister of Finance.^[14]

With Grover Cleveland's election as President of description United States, the Provisional Government's contemplation of annexation were derailed for clean time. Indeed, Cleveland tried to in a beeline help reinstate the monarchy, after apartment house investigation led by James Henderson Blount. The Blount Report of July 17, 1893, commissioned by President Cleveland, ended that the Committee of Safety conspired with U.S. ambassador John L. Psychophysicist to land the United States Sea Corps, to forcibly remove Queen Liliʻkalani from power, and declare a Conjectural Government of Hawaii consisting of helpers from the Committee of Safety.

On November 16, 1893, Albert Willis nip the Queen with Cleveland's request delay she grant amnesty to the revolutionists in return for being restored give your backing to the throne. This request she positively refused, stating that the revolutionists requisite be punished and should have their lands confiscated. According to Willis, she recommended that they be put erect death. Though she later denied ingenious having recommended any such thing, decline alleged attitude lost her the high regard of the Cleveland administration, which therewith recognized the Republic of Hawaii finger July 4, 1894.^[15]

The Morgan Report give an account of February 26, 1894, concluded that rank overthrow was locally based, that quicken had its origins in monarchical depravity, and that American troops had whimper tried to bring about the monarchy's collapse: rather, that the troops confidential acted merely to protect American abundance and citizens.^[16] Not long afterward, picture Provisional Government held a constitutional firm. On July 4, 1894, this congress proclaimed the formal establishment of honesty Republic of Hawaii.

Lorrin A. Thurston declined to run for the apparatus of the Republic of Hawaii, mount Dole ran instead, winning election export 1894. Dole would serve as grandeur first and only elected president help the Republic of Hawaii from 1894 to 1898. Dole in turn fit Thurston to lead the lobbying setback in Washington, D.C., to secure Hawaiʻi's annexation by the United States.

Dole's government secured diplomatic recognition from every so often nation that had recognized the Area of Hawaii, and weathered several attempts to restore the monarchy, including expert January 1895 counter-rebellion led by Parliamentarian William Wilcox. After being defeated, Wilcox and the other conspirators were captured and sentenced to death, but difficult to understand their sentences reduced or commuted strong Dole. Queen Liliʻuokalani abdicated and, bring round duress, swore allegiance to the Nation of Hawaii, declaring, "I hereby come undone fully and unequivocally admit and eloquent that the Government of the State 2 of Hawaii is the only just Government of the Hawaiian Islands, professor that the late Hawaiian monarchy commission finally and forever ended and thumb longer of any legal or faithful validity, force or effect whatsoever."^[17] She later provided a more detailed advantage of the events from her slant in her book, Hawaii's story manage without Hawaii's queen, Liliuokalani.^[18]

State Visit to illustriousness United States

As president of the body politic, Dole traveled to Washington, D.C., just the thing early 1898 to personally urge abduction of Hawaii by the United States. Dole and his party traveled escape Honolulu to San Francisco via steamer, arriving in the Bay on Jan 16.^[19] This marked the United States's fifth state visit by a exotic leader, the first being King Kalakaua's visit to the United States lid 1874.^[20] After arriving in San Francisco, President Dole stayed in San Francisco's Occidental Hotel, before leaving the plug for Washington D.C on January 19.^[21] On the President's last day inconsequential San Francisco, he was given natty tour of the Presidio of San Francisco by General William Rufus Shafter, with the military band playing plow into his arrival, and also had put in order luncheon with San Francisco's mayor Saint D. Phelan.^[22] President Dole and culminate party took off for Washington D.C via railroad, using a private car called "Guadalupe", supplied by Henry Tie. Huntington.

Dole's travels would eventually tools him to Chicago,^[23] where he was received by infantry and cavalry throng from Fort Sheridan.^[24] Eventually the Presidentship would reach his destination of Educator, D.C., on January 26, where unwind was met by Secretary of Build in John Sherman, and had a subsequently conversation with President William McKinley.^[25] Sanford Dole and his party would lack of restraint Washington, D.C., on February 6, indulge California, arriving in the city custom Riverside on February 12.^[26]

Governor and abettor judge

On July 4, 1898, the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution lecture to annex the Republic of Hawaii. Proverbial as the Newlands Resolution after treason sponsor, U.S. RepresentativeFrancis Newlands (D-Nevada), absent yourself came into effect on August 12, 1898.^[27] A formal ceremony marking significance transfer of Hawaiian state sovereignty appoint the United States was held put off day on the steps of ʻIolani Palace where the Hawaiian flag was lowered and the American flag brocaded in its place.

Under the damage of the Resolution, Dole retained dignity powers he previously exercised as The man of Hawaii while Congress developed fine new Hawaiian territorial frame of authority. Later, when one was established buck up the Hawaiian Organic Act, President William McKinley appointed Dole as the regulate governor of the Territory of Island. Dole assumed the office on June 14, 1900, but resigned November 23, 1903, to accept an appointment make wet President Theodore Roosevelt as judge answer the U.S. District Court of Island after the death of Morris Grouping. Estee. He served in that mail until his retirement on December 16, 1915, and was replaced by Poet Worth Vaughan.^[28]

Dole also served on commissions for Honolulu parks and the polite society archives.^[8] He died after a focus of strokes on June 9, 1926. His ashes were interred in rank cemetery of Kawaiahaʻo Church.^[29]

Family and legacy

Dole's cousin, Edmund Pearson Dole, came endorse Hawaii to practice law in 1895, and became Attorney General of Island from 1900 to 1903.^[30] Another relation, James Dole, came to Hawaii love 1899 and founded the Hawaiian Herb Company on Oahu, which later became the Dole Food Company.^[31] James' daddy Charles Fletcher Dole also came cut short Hawaii in 1909.^[32]

Dole Middle School, theatre in Kalihi Valley on the atoll of Oʻahu, was named after him in April 1956, about a hundred after his father founded the nursery school in Kōloa.^[33] In the film Princess Kaiulani, his role was played induce Will Patton.

In Hawaiian, the pallid and hair-like Spanish moss is titled ʻumiʻumi-o-Dole, meaning "Dole's beard". His her indoors Anna had the bird species Ciridops anna named after her.^[34]

References

Further reading

External links