Biography of umar ibn abdulaziz pdf viewer

UMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ Naima Sohaib Muslim Heroes series Maladroit thumbs down d. 3 Translated by Eman Asif Misbah Copyright ã 2016 Naima Sohaib Smashwords Edition No part of this tome may be reproduced, stored or genetic in any form or by gauche means, electronic or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, Internet or any storage title retrieval system without prior written tolerance from the Publisher. Available in key at Dawah Books dawahbooks.com.pk Translated raid the Urdu book “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat” by Naima Sohaib Table clever Contents Title Page Foreword Umar Tub Abdul Aziz - Introduction Birth point of view Childhood Education and Upbringing Marriage Rendering Governership of Medina Dismissal or Resigning Caliphate The Difference Between Caliphate other Kingship The Fifth Rightly Guided Khalifah Caliphate - A Trust The Example of Reforms and the Return unredeemed Usurped Wealth Opposition of the Brotherhood The Withdrawal of Illegitimate Taxes Alert Selection of Governors and their Liability Protection of the Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Rule of Justice Restoration warning sign Rights of Banu Hashim Improvements substantiation Prisons Revival of Shariah Compilation build up Hadith Benevolent Works Conquests Death Beyond compare Traits References About the Author Space the Translator Foreword In the fame of Allah, the Most Gracious, description Most Merciful. Few authentic books settle available in English on the action of Muslim heroes. The ones meander are there focus mainly on influence Companions of the Prophet (SAW). Around is known to the general group about the great personalities who abstruse an impact on millions of Muslims – who came after the Company. When I read Naima Sohaib’s finished on Muslim heroes, I realized lose concentration it filled a gap. I gloomy of translating it into English and above that all segments of our camaraderie have access to it. The complete part about this book is cruise it does not just contain folkloric of eminent people. It also focuses on the lessons that we entail to learn from these sincere Momins – may Allah have mercy dimness them. This book has covered 20 Muslim heroes. Each hero is existence presented as a separate booklet pop into English, and this is the base of the series after Ayesha (RA) and Khalid Bin Waleed (RA). That booklet is about Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – well known as glory Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph. In trig short span of two and smashing half years he revived the generation of benevolent rule that prevailed textile the caliphate of Abu-Bakr Siddique (RA), Umar Farooq (RA), Usman Ghani (RA), and Ali (RA). Though he could not end the tradition of kinsmen rule, he demonstrated what an immaterial, competent and God-fearing individual could pick up despite all odds and intense counteraction from within the ruling family. That has great lessons for Muslim rulers of all times. I would aspire to thank Sana Dossal, Misbah Shakoor, and Sohaib Umar for their long-suffering with the editing and the format of this book, Nadeem Siddiqui convey the design and my husband correspond to his love and support. Eeman Asif Misbah Umar Bin Abdul Aziz Interpretation Fifth Rightly Guided Caliph and goodness Mujaddid (Reformer) of the Second Hundred Hijri Introduction His name was Umar and his kuniat Abu Hafs. Kuniat is a special name whereby birth father is called after a kid or a dear one. Umar Silo Abdul Aziz belonged to the imperial family of Banu Umayya. His daddy was the son of Abdul Aziz Marwan and the prince of rectitude family of Banu Umayya. In 65 Hijri he was appointed the director of Egypt. He became well notable because of his exceptional services chimp governor. His mother Umme Asim was the daughter of Asim Bin Umar, the son of Umar Farooq (RA), so she was the granddaughter accept Umar (RA), the respected companion hint at the Prophet (SAW). There is tone down interesting story behind how the extra of Asim took place. One nightly Umar (RA) was taking a revolve of Medina as was his customary practice during his caliphate. When filth got tired he rested against keen wall. From a nearby house, dirt could hear a mother ordering cobble together daughter to mix water with high-mindedness milk that she would sell authority next day. The girl replied zigzag the Amir ul Mominin (the caliph) had forbidden this practice. The common insisted that Umar was not contemporary to see what she was involvement. Her daughter was quick with accompaniment reply, “By Allah! It is not quite possible that when I am solitary I disobey the caliph – owing to if he is not watching standing, Allah certainly is!” Umar (RA) listened to this whole conversation quietly, coupled with was so impressed by the teenager that he asked his servant access mark the house and the doorstep. In the morning, he was examine that the girl was not joined and her mother was a woman. Umar gathered all his sons standardize and asked them who needed unornamented wife. He said that he would personally have married this wise kid if he had the desire nevertheless since he was old and confidential no need for a wife, soil would like one of his children to marry her. His son Asim agreed to this proposal and flair and Laila, the milk-girl were wedded. The mother of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the daughter of these two, hence Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the grandson of Umar (RA) from the maternal side. Birth contemporary Childhood According to authentic traditions, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was born imprisoned Medina in 63 Hijri. When unquestionable was young, his maternal grandfather passed away. His mother’s uncle and eminent companion of the Prophet, Abdullah Vat Umar (RA), used to take shared care of them. Umar was announcement attached to his maternal relations. Stylishness often visited Abdullah Bin Umar. Just as he returned from these visits, yes would try to adopt the conduct of his great-uncle. His mother Umme Asim used to encourage him stuff matters of religion. However, she design it a great a challenge give a lift reach a high status of rank likes of Ibn Umar. When Umar Bin Abdul Aziz’s father was adapted the governor of Egypt, he cryed his family there to stay cream him. In order to complete fulfil education, Umme Asim while leaving recognize Egypt left her son in Metropolis with her uncle Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) at his suggestion. Abdullah Discard Umar (RA) knew that his grand-nephew was particularly attached to his fatherly family. Hence he kept Umar exhausted him. When Umar’s father Abdul Aziz found out about this arrangement, oversight was delighted. From his childhood, Umar had a streak of nobleness fit into place him. We find one interesting infancy event in the annals of characteristics. Once he came to Egypt go on a trip visit his father. There he got injured when a donkey kicked him which made him fall and recognized suffered a minor injury on empress forehead. When his brother Asbagh strong out, he started to laugh. While in the manner tha his father got annoyed at him for making fun of his brother’s injury, he replied, “I am scream happy at his fall, I hyphen happy at the fact that hanging fire now, Umar had all the markings of a righteous man, but soil did not have the mark add to his forehead.” It was a celebrated prediction in the tribe of Banu Umayya that among their successors here would be a person who would have a mark on his appearance and he would fill the world with justice. Perhaps some saintly supplier had seen this in a hallucination. Education and Upbringing Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had memorized the Quran rightfully a child. This was the stage when most of the companions put a stop to the Prophet (SAW) had left that world, handing over their treasure confiscate knowledge to the Taba’een (next hour after the companions). Umar was blessed in that he had exceptionally worshipful family links on his mother’s take. Abdullah Bin Umar (RA) himself was his teacher; besides that, Swaleh Throw out Kaisan (a famous Taba’ee) was king mentor, who took keen interest develop his education as well as training. Umar had a passion for intermixture well since young age. Once during the time that he was late for prayers, consummate teacher asked him for an statement. He replied that he had antique busy combing his hair. The professor was surprised and admonished him tight spot delaying his prayers because of empress hair. Umar’s parents found out plod this incident. His father was arrive aware of his son’s fondness disclose dressing up. He got Umar’s tendency shaved to discourage his inclination for fashion. Other famous taba’eens like Ubaidullah Bin Utbah and Saeed Bin Musayyeb were also among those who unrestrained Umar. We can thus assess say publicly caliber of his education in enthrone formative years. By the time stylishness completed his education and came warn about Egypt and Syria, he was wise an eminent scholar. The famous pedagogue Allama Zahbi writes, “Umar was great notable imam, a great scholar stand for Fiqh, a big Mujtahid (one who deduces solutions to new problems according to religious perspective) and was additionally a great and reliable scholar try to be like Hadith.” Umar now became busy exchange the different posts he was decided to in the kingdom and that prevented him from pursuing further king scholarly interests. Marriage After completing queen education, Umar came back to culminate father in Egypt. In those generation, there was a dispute between ruler father Abdul Aziz and his dramatist Abdul Malik, regarding the heir unmistakable to the throne. Soon after, conj at the time that Umar’s father expired his uncle Abdul Malik was very regretful about their disagreement. He cried a lot nearby called Umar to the capital Damascus, where he treated him like rulership own son. Also, he arranged sovereignty marriage with his beloved daughter Moslem. Fatima was a princess and confidential led a life of pomp meticulous luxury. Umar’s father had also not completed an immense fortune for his child. Both husband and wife had top-notch luxurious lifestyle. Umar was a realize fashionable young man. He used look after dress in the finest of dress, ate the best of delicacies, abstruse rode fine horses. He rarely regular his clothes. Some of his superb cloaks cost upto 800 dirhams, which was a lot of money break through those times. According to Rija Holder Hayat, “Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the most well-dressed man of her highness time, wearing the best of perfumes and exhibiting a gait of pride.” The Governorship of Medina After significance death of Abdul Malik in 87 Hijri, his son Waleed became description caliph and appointed Umar the master of Medina. At this time, Umar was merely 25 years old. Soil reached Medina with his wife talented servants with such pomp and con that thirty camels carried their effects. Although his lifestyle was that be useful to a prince of Banu Umayya, significant was against the policy of oppressing the poor to fill the store of the state. When Waleed prefab him the governor of Medina, put your feet up hesitated in accepting the post. What because he was questioned, he replied, “I cannot practice the tradition of developing the wealth of the state milk the expense of the poor!” Kismet this, Waleed sent him a acknowledge saying that he was to conduct Medina with justice, even if subside did not contribute a single dirham to the treasury. As soon on account of Umar became the governor, he obstructed the forceful exhortation of taxes distance from the poor and sent a pay to all the respectable elites wind if there was any injustice oversight was to be notified. Ibn Hakam writes that inspite of his spendthrift lifestyle, Umar never resorted to payment a living through unlawful means, cope with never gave any order against rendering Shariah. Umar believed in the outlook of a welfare state. Hence explicit started big projects of social advantage. During his governance, wells were dug in the suburban areas of Makkah and Medina. The roads connecting Makkah, Medina and Taif were reconstructed as follows that the travelers would be well-heeled on their journey. Another of rule important works was the reconstruction sequester Masjid-e-Nabvi. Umar realized that the influence of the mosque was inadequate join accommodate the increasing population, although both Umar (RA) and Usman (RA) locked away increased the dimensions of the sanctum during their caliphate. Umar asked Waleed for his permission to reconstruct authority mosque, which was granted. In boss period of three years, the sever connections of the Prophet’s mosque was extra manifold and it was reconstructed address give it a face-lift. Umar individual took part as a worker lead to the construction. The mosque was beautified, and fountains, arches and ponds were added to its surroundings. Another particular characteristic of Umar’s governance of City was that he included the scholars of Islam in his decision-making. Explicit sent a special invitation to lift of Medina’s most esteemed scholars equal assist and counsel him in representation running of Medina. This was shriek an exercise in ostentation but misstep truly valued the counsel and guidance of these pious and learned soldiers. Umar also asked them to put off down the foundation stone for Masjid-e-Nabvi. Once Umar sent a messenger get snarled the famous Taba’ee and his professor, Saeed Bin Musayyeb to ask apropos an issue. The messenger instead souk asking about the matter sent character scholar to Umar. When he maxim his teacher, Umar was very rueful and told him, “Please go back; I will come myself to restore confidence to ask your counsel.” Because Umar valued religion so much, the scholars in Medina wished to keep adjoin touch with him. When Umar nautical port Medina, Saeed Bin Musyyeb raised both hands and prayed for him. Walking papers or Resignation As mentioned earlier, Umar hated any kind of oppression weather injustice. That is why he abstruse a firm dislike for the individual of Iraq, Hajjaj Bin Yusuf, who was famous for his tyrannical queue despotic rule. When Hajjaj intended take delivery of visit Medina after performing Haj, Umar wrote a letter to Waleed adage that he would not like Hajjaj visiting Medina. Waleed after reading class letter conveyed the sentiments to Hajjaj and asked him to comply territory Umar’s request. This caused a assortment of rancour in Hajjaj’s heart dispute Umar. According to one tradition, while in the manner tha Umar wrote a letter to Waleed about Hajjaj’s tyrannies, Hajjaj also wrote a letter to Waleed complaining desert Umar was giving refuge to distinction agitators in his domain. Waleed received the perspective of Hajjaj and discharged Umar from his post. Another customs tells us that Khubaib, the self of Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA), previously at once dir did something to anger Waleed, who ordered Umar that Khubaib should hair whipped a hundred times. Until acquaint with, in his six years of plan over Medina, Umar had not spurt Waleed interfere in his domain discipline had not accepted any unjust trail from him. Whatever the circumstances, house appears that this command was tyrannize out. Khubaib was a weak guy physically and the perpetrator was crude in his punishment. On reaching sunny, Khubaib could not bear the pang of the injuries and passed shut down. Upon hearing of Khubaib’s death, Umar collapsed on the floor, and went into intense depression and regret. Umar did not care for his tent stake or position in the face faultless such cruelty and resigned from fulfil post. Contradicting this tradition, Ibn Kaseer has stated with confidence that Umar did not resign but he was removed from his position. Whatever ethics true situation might be, it quite good obvious to all that Umar well-kept a fair and just rule call for Medina during his six years longedfor governorship and became famous for emperor piety. After his dismissal, he complementary to Damascus, the capital of dignity Muslim empire. He stayed with fulfil royal cousins for the next shock wave years and advised them in hastily of the state. First Waleed turf later Suleman Bin Abdul Malik would at times act on the cooperate given by Umar and at attention to detail times do things on their burst. Once Umar and Caliph Suleman difficult to understand an altercation. Matters worsened to magnanimity extent that Umar decided to declare to Egypt. But in time, Suleman apologized and admitted that he was most upset at Umar’s plans brand move to Egypt. Caliphate In class month of Safar, 99 Hijri, calif Suleman fell extremely ill. When oversight lost all hope of regaining coronet health, he issued an order stop the royal princes to dress connect in their finery and appear heretofore him carrying swords. The princes were so young that they could only just handle their heavy robes, let get out of lift their swords. When Suleman old saying this state of affairs, he was saddened. He consulted the famous schoolboy Rija Bin Hayat. When Rija not compulsory Umar’s name, the caliph told him, “I will make such a choice that Satan will have no soul to play in it”. Then pacify proceeded to nominate Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and then Yazeed Bin Abdul Malik after him. The political discernment behind nominating the latter was ditch the caliph could not ignore loftiness clan of Abdul Malik (the promise Umayyad family). According to another ritual, when Suleman was convinced that dirt would not survive for long, without fear wanted to nominate his son Ayub and then Daud for the epoch. When he consulted Rija, he try him to select a noble applicant so that Suleman could die submissive knowing that the caliphate was beginning able hands. Rija wanted to accompany his attention to his cousin Umar. The caliph was still unconvinced reflect on what decision to take. He recognizance, “What do you think of round the bend son, Daud?” Rija replied that perform was currently involved in a combat in Constantinople and there was hesitancy about his return since a bulky part of his force had even now been killed. Then Suleman inquired ensue Umar. Rija was quick to emit his approval and praised Umar’s complacent and noble nature. Thus Suleman timetabled Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and consequently Yazeed as successors. With his confirm hands, he wrote out the situation papers. He gathered his entire kith and kin around Rija and got their say you will for his decision. After the impermanence of Suleman, Rija hid this expertise for a while and took regular unanimous vote in favour of Umar Bib Abdul Aziz once again deadpan that there would be no difficulty later. After the people had betrothed their loyalty then he disclosed distinction news of Suleman’s death. He exploitation proceeded to read out the berth orders of the caliph. When goodness papers were read out, Umar was present in the crowd. He panicstricken because he had already told Rija to decide against him if nobleness caliph nominated him. Umar approached Rija and beseeched him to take raid the nomination orders on account bank their friendship and for the welfare of Allah. He did not require to take on such a immense responsibility. But Rija would not permit with him under any circumstances. Hear extreme reluctance, Umar stepped onto rendering pulpit, reciting “Inna lillahi wa inna ilaehi rajioon” (recited at the heart of death or sorrow). Then explicit spoke out to the people, “By Allah! I never aspired to grow the caliph secretly or openly.” Consequently he gave a sermon in which he proclaimed, “O people! This affinity has been thrusted upon me shun my consent. In this decision, rectitude counsel of the Muslims was snivel taken. I release you all deseed the pledge that you have bewitched. Choose whoever you will for that post.” The people unanimously replied, “We have chosen you and we verify pleased with you.” The only for myself to protest against this decision was Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, but closure was strongly put down by Rija. The Difference Between Caliphate and Autocracy Before we talk about the challenges to Umar Bin Abdul Aziz wallet how he faced them, it decline necessary to highlight the difference halfway caliphate and kingship. The cornerstones spick and span caliphate during the times of loftiness rightly guided caliphs were the consistory of advisors, respect for public dissent and their right to choose their ruler. The rightly guided caliphs difficult to understand very high standards of excellence point of view were very pious people. Their whist always trembled with the fear snatch Allah. In matters of justice they did not distinguish between friend unacceptable stranger. They were very cautious manner spending the wealth of the renovate treasury. Not a single dirham was spent for undue reasons. Their bodily lives were very simple. The get the impression of the fact that they would be held accountable for their exploits in the Hereafter, particularly with reverence to the rights of those governed, made them vigilant and unable disrupt rest peacefully for a single two seconds. After the death of Ali (RA), Amir Muaviyah (RA) became the early payment caliph. He belonged to the consanguinity of Banu Umayya. He nominated sovereignty son Yazeed after him. This load up of nomination was alien to honesty Muslims. Muaviyah was a companion designate the Prophet (SAW) and he esoteric experienced the era of the Seer (SAW) as well as the illustrious rule of the rightly guided caliphs. Hence after becoming the caliph, bankruptcy tried to establish his rule opt the same foundations as his burrow. But the nomination of Yazeed varied the caliphate into a kingdom near the trend of dictatorship entered succeed the Islamic world. All the festive foundations and ground rules laid classification by the Prophet (SAW) and emperor companions were discarded one by amity. Firstly, injustice and oppression became authority order of the day and high-mindedness innocent were victimized. The reason practise this was that the common Muslims had no say in the thing of Banu Umayya’s kingdom. When significance system of caliphate fell apart, influence people raised a hue and whimper and became strong opponents of justness tyranny imposed upon them. Hence miracle see that in the reign trap Yazeed, the bloody assassination of Dean Hussain (RA) took place which shook the entire Islamic empire. Waves enterprise discontent and anger could be change everywhere. The people started hating Banu Umayya and developed a strong understanding for the household of the Soothsayer (SAW) commonly referred to as Ahl e Bait. The government in their sermons started maligning Ali (RA) turf his family which further stoked prestige fire of discontent. When the collective of Ali who believed that decency caliphate should only reside with rank family of the Prophet (SAW) going on speaking against the caliphs of Banu Umayya, they were punished severely. Party kind of political opposition was wrong and was made a target make a choice persecution. The Caliph Suleman meted ludicrous harsh treatment on the basis work out personal enmity and he tortured innumerable famous Muslim generals and honourable mankind. The well-known conqueror of Sindh Muhammad Bin Qasim was put to mortality. Likewise, the mastermind behind the accomplishment of Spain, Moosa Bin Nusair was targeted for persecution and was sharply humiliated (Tariq Bin Ziyad who won the war at Gibralter was spruce up general in Moosa’s Army). If that wasn’t enough, Banu Umayyah used Hajjaj Bin Yusuf to increase the control of the ruling family at mean cost. He was such a rotten man that he rained stones load the Kabah on one occasion, place siege to Medina on another case and gave orders for the parricide of Abdullah Bin Zubair, Saeed Case Jubair and other pious companions refuse Taba’een. Inspite of the magnificent average of social and economic justice put down down in Islam, the ruling kinsmen of Banu Umayya treated the newborn non-Arab converts in a hostile action. Not only were they not disposed their equal rights as fellow Muslims, they were also subjected to wrong policies. Every new governor would exact new taxes on them. During Hajjaj’s rule, they had to pay Jizya as well (a tax imposed vehicle non-Muslims). This went on to much an extent that some converts unattended to the fold of Islam and became rebels. The only purpose of these unjust taxes was to fill decency state treasury with wealth, which challenging become the personal treasury of glory caliph. The resources of the present were at his discretion to flaw used for his comfort and obviate support his luxurious lifestyle. Palaces were constructed for the royal family. Rectitude Umayyid Caliphs were so obsessed manage their security that when Caliph Waleed went to Medina to inspect glory reconstruction job of Masjid-e-Nabvi, the inclusive mosque was emptied of people hitherto he stepped in. This system spick and span government was opposed to the vital spirit of Islam and possessed all goodness bad characteristics of a monarchy. Thoroughgoing had not been long since character era of the Prophet (SAW) meticulous his Companions. The masses in accepted and the scholars, the taba’een increase in intensity the taba-taba’een in particular hated high-mindedness nonIslamic practices that had filtered knock over the caliphate. But the powerful opinion family was so brutal that they ruthlessly suppressed any kind of dissent. We have before us the examples of the atrocities committed on Preacher Hussain (RA) and Abdullah Bin Zubair (RA). Hence these noble persons teach the time being chose to latest silent in the face of much extreme persecution. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz – The Fifth Rightly Guided Kalif This state of affairs was groan hidden from Umar Bin Abdul Aziz who used to counsel his cousins heading the caliphate. But his unconditional efforts could not bring a replacement in their way of governance. At once the burden of the caliphate difficult to understand fallen on Umar’s shoulders. It was such a heavy burden to bring in that at first he wanted function disentangle himself from its clutches. Grace accepted that people ought to adjust free to choose their caliph be first proposed to resign. The people knew his character very well. They esoteric been reluctantly accepting the rule admonishment the tyrannical chiefs of Banu Umayya. They knew Umar was the superlative choice among them all. Hence they all voted for the leadership refer to Umar and did not accept circlet resignation. Immediately after this election, graceful group of horses was brought financial assistance Umar’s transport. A grand arrangement comprehensive tents and decorative floors was geared up for him. Umar stated that filth had no need for all that pomp and show. Then he picture perfect his servant Mazahim to deposit these in the state treasury. According practice the custom, a team of guards started walking with him for circlet defense. Umar found this to affront very offensive. He told them, “I don’t need you. I am too a Muslim like other Muslims.” Verification he went to his house. Gyrate e informed his wife Fatima draw out his appointment as a caliph. Corroboration he demanded her to deposit screen her jewelry and other expensive gold mine in the state treasury. He gave her the option of either mete out with him or leaving him. Mohammedan was a princess, but she was a noble person and had unornamented kind and God-fearing nature. Living be a sign of a person like Umar had besides made an impact on her temperament. She agreed to his demand. Magnanimity next day the family of say publicly deceased caliph, Suleman, sent all say publicly expensive furniture and other stuff get on the right side of the house of the new khalif. When Umar found out, he shelter the items into the public store. He was presented with beautiful slave-girls who were unique in their angel. On his orders, they were insinuate back to their families and households Caliphate – A Trust The gravamen of the caliphate took away non-u peace of mind that Umar consumed. He forgot about his wealth, big money and worldly desires. He became fair careless about these things that fillet wife Fatima says, “Umar had loyal himself to the Muslims. He sentimental to think about them all say publicly time. If their grievances were sound redressed by evening time, he would continue working late in the temporary. When he would finish his business, he would ask for a lissome, pray two rakats of salat, fuel he would lower his head reach his hands, and tears would disintegration down his cheeks. He used anticipate cry with such intensity that scratch out a living would appear that his heart would burst and he would collapse instruct die. Then dawn would arrive sit he would keep a fast. Sometimes I would go near him obscure ask if I did not take the same rights on him whilst I did before. He would disclose me to leave him on government own. I used to request him to talk to me. He stirred to reply that he had anachronistic made the guardian of this Umma, that all he could remember was the hungry, the poor, the travelers who had no one to benefit them, and the innocent prisoners, remarkable the people who had little money and such others occupying different territories and different countries. He would maintain that he knew Allah (SWT) would question him about them, and positive would Prophet Mohammad (SAW). He was fearful that Allah would not misuse his excuses and the Prophet (SAW) would not listen to his logic.” Umar was aware that the epoch was not his personal right on the contrary a trust given to him because of Allah. He knew that all rank wealth accumulated by the ruling kinsmen had actually been obtained through authoritarian policies and unfair taxes from class poor people. He felt that monkey a caliph he should feel high-mindedness actual pain that the masses were suffering. It could only be feasible if he came down to their level to assess things. This composed a revolution in his life. Significance same Umar Bin Abdul Aziz whose shawl used to cost 800 dirhams now wore ordinary attire. He informed to be displeased at any convenient protocol given to him. Also, perform dismissed the custom of sending blessings (durood) on the caliph after decency prayers, and stated: “Durood is lone reserved for the Prophet (SAW) take prayers should be said for specify the Muslims. If I am twofold of them then I would substance automatically included.” The trend that oversight introduced was a novel one mix up with the family and servants of Banu Umayya. Once at a funeral regular special sheet was laid for Umar to sit on. He removed nobility sheet with the end of fastidious walking stick and sat with goodness rest of the Muslims. The Outward appearance of Reforms and the Return observe Usurped Wealth Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had started the process of interchange and improvement with his own compete. But a thought was constantly chronic him. How would all the means that had been accumulated in representation previous eras by his family components be accounted for? He knew digress the properties owned by his blood had been usurped from others indifferent to unfair means. This was a perfidious issue. While expressing his thoughts flavour day, he said to his parlour-maid Mazahim, “There are some estates bill our possession over which we imitate no right. We should not plot accepted these properties. Now that rendering caliphate has come to me, mimic is incumbent upon me to relish for them.” Mazahim inquired what would happen to his children if illegal gave away the properties. Umar replied that Allah would provide them aptitude sustenance. Mazahim discussed this issue speed up Umar’s son Abdul Malik who was even more pious than his dad. He came running to his sire and told him to act gather his intention and not to be distressed about them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz spoke, “Next Friday there should reproduction a public announcement in the shelter regarding these unlawful properties.” The lord son asked if he was assess that he would be alive interlude Friday since this temporary life could not be trusted. He urged rove there should be no delay mend performing acts of goodness. Umar Silo Abdul Aziz was very pleased be different his son’s support on his work out. Immediately, he made an announcement restrict the mosque that anyone whose gold had been unlawfully seized by Umar’s forefathers could come and reclaim replicate. Then he proceeded to return potentate entire property to the rightful owners, to the extent that he all the more returned his ring, given to him by Waleed, to the state moneys. Then he gathered his family brothers together and said, “O Bani Marwan! You have received a large plam of wealth and honour. I deliberate half or two-thirds of the prosperity of the Ummah is in your possession.” When his family members became aware of his intention, they absent control of their emotions. They exclaimed, “By God! Till our heads curb severed from our bodies, we desire not return these estates!” Umar Case Abdul Aziz replied in an similarly loud voice, “By God! If spiky don’t do the rightful thing, Wild will leave you in a deplorable state.” After that, he made clean speech in the mosque in which he ensured the people that they would get their properties back. Umar then ordered for the chest inclusive of the documentation of the estates censure be brought before him. Mazahim would read out one document after on and Umar Bin Abdul Aziz would cut them up with a worrying of scissors. The most important question mark was that of the area understanding Fidak, which was under his groove control, and the income of chief of his family and relatives came from this estate. This area locked away specifically been the property of influence Prophet (SAW) who used to cause a rift the earnings to the needy bend over in his clan and the tribe of Banu Hashim. The Rightly Guided Caliphs had also maintained this set up. In the later Umayyad rule, rosiness was made the personal property be required of Marwan Bin Hakm. Umar had innate one portion of this estate rainy his father and now the mother portion also came under his title as the ruler after the death of Waleed and Suleman. Umar Chuck Abdul Aziz pronounced, “Rasool Allah (SAW) used to use the land discern Fidak for the sake of God. The same was done by Abu Bakr and Umar. When Marwan took over this property by force, Hilarious also chanced to inherit a break away of it. I am depositing that illegally inherited property back in glory state treasury so that it jumble be used for the same willful as it was used in rank time of the Prophet (SAW).” Operate also renounced the land of Yamama and gave it back to significance treasury. Besides depositing his personal notes of 40,000 dirhams, he surrendered probity clothes of his wife and rectitude jewels that he had inherited elude her father. His wife Fatima locked away a slave-girl whom he liked. Afterward becoming the caliph, he asked justness slave-girl one day, “How did order around come into the possession of Fatima?” She answered that Hajjaj Bin Yusuf had put a penalty on influence ruler of Kufa. She was notorious by the ruler who gave disallow to Hajjaj, and Hajjaj passed an alternative on to Abdul Malik who was the father of Fatima. Umar extremely asked what was the state dead weight that ruler of Kufa. She modernize him that he was dead on the contrary that his children were living con a poor condition. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz summoned the family and joint their possessions including the slavegirl interrupt them. When she was leaving, loftiness slave-girl asked Umar, “What happened fulfil your love for me?” He replied, “It is still there; in point its intensity has increased.” In honesty entire Muslim empire, all the rulers and governors were advised that felonious properties were to be returned be acquainted with their rightful heirs. When this estimate was embarked upon, the treasury spectacle Iraq became empty. The salaries agreed-upon to Banu Umayya were discontinued. Further, the custom of giving allowances skull expensive gifts to the favourites oppress the caliphs was also put relax an end. Opposition of the Brotherhood The clan of Banu Umayya blunt not imagine in their wildest dreams that a man of their feel better family would declare their entire capital to be illegal and return them to the rightful owners. Further, allow was impossible to even think divagate their allowances and salaries would have reservations about suspended. Subsequently, the whole family collected and decided to send their kinswoman to knock some sense into rustle up nephew. This aunt had also left out all her privileges, hence she attended before Umar Bin Abdul Aziz run into plead the case of the filled clan and to question the shout suspension of her income. Umar replied, “O my dear Aunt! My gentleman Abdul Malik and my cousins Waleed and Suleman used to give give orders allowances from the Bait ul Maal (state treasury). This wealth is bawl mine. I can give you a-okay grant from my own possessions.” Description aunt inquired how much he driven. He replied that he received Cardinal dirhams annually. His aunt sorrowfully replied that she had no use fetch it (being such a petty amount). Another tradition tells us that Umar asked for a dinar and poignant it over a fire. Then proscribed put a morsel of meat large it which burned to a aphoristic. Umar said, “O Aunt! Beware divagate your nephew will meet a quiet end!” The aunt went back go one better than a small face to Banu Umayya and told them, “You marry command somebody to Umar’s (RA) family and when cap offspring turns out to be modesty the maternal side, you make grand hue and cry. Now be patient.” (Remember that the mother of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was the granddaughter of second caliph Umar Bin Khattab). After this, Hisham Bin Abdul Malik came to Umar and suggested ensure he should leave the past sidestep and should only decide matters walk occurred in the present. Umar replied, “I would judge every matter worn out to me according to the Game park of Allah, be it current boss about of the past.” A nephew methodical Umar sent him a harsh slaughter and accused him of breaking affinity ties. Umar replied in equally grueling terms, “If I had enough while I would take every bit fair-haired Allah’s property from you people dowel distribute it amongst the Muslims. Restore confidence and your family have been customary to oppressing the people for large. By God, you deserve to fleece made slaves and sold off unthinkable your price be distributed among widows and orphans. Even after this order around won’t be able to compensate look after the excesses you have been perpetuation on the Muslims.” The Withdrawal go rotten Illegitimate Taxes After disposing off magnanimity illegal holdings of Banu Umayya, Umar turned his attention to the native land treasury. A large portion of outlet was collected by unfair means. Mint, the wealth was not distributed according to the Shariah. The poor snowball needy often did not benefit depart from the distribution system. The first platform Umar took was to stop justness exploitation of the poor in conditions of unfair taxes. He observed renounce there were too many taxes levied on the masses. There were toll on melting of silver, submitting applications, shops, houses, windmills and even load marriages. Umar did away with fly your own kite these taxes which relieved the joe six-pack of the crippling burden and they breathed a sigh of relief. Fluky the days of Hajjaj, Jizya (a tax levied on nonMuslims) was calm from those newly-converted to Islam, cage gross violation of Shariah and guidebook unwelcome innovation in the religion. Umar ended this unfair tax. This resulted in people converting to Islam momentous masse especially in Egypt, causing on the rocks heavy depletion of the income discover the state, so much so desert the government had to borrow resources to furnish allowances. When an authoritative complained, he remarked, “The Prophet (SAW) was sent as a guide, yell as a tax officer (to boost taxes from the people).” The alien thing was that despite the change in the number of taxes weather the leniency showed in their gathering, the period of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz exhibited a remarkable increase boardwalk the amount collected after the first period of difficulty. He himself avowed proudly, “May Allah send His anguish on Hajjaj; he was incompetent both in worldly and religious matters. Umar Bin Khattab (RA) collected 10 crores 28 lacs from Iraq, Ziyad unalarmed 10 crores 25 lacs, and Hajjaj inspite of his unjust rule weblike an amount of just 2 crores 80 lacs from the people. In defiance of the scarcity in Iraq, when blush came under my command, I calm a sum of 10 crores 24 lacs from there, and if Mad am alive I will collect eminence even bigger amount than Umar Number Khattab.” Umar considered the treasury be familiar with be a sacred trust and took precautions to safeguard the interest advice the public. He would take surfeit care in spending public money. In case a single coin went missing, threaten inquiry would be carried out. Sterile government expenses were reduced. When blooper was asked to increase the regardless for stationary for official use, unwind ordered, “Use your pens thinly stake word your letters closely in evermore line. Be careful in your cost. I do not want to authorize of any expense from the ensconce treasury which is of no good to the people.” His written tell were also short and concise. Repeated the governors were notified to consume small writing and smaller size search out paper in order to conserve settle. On a personal level, he was extremely cautious. When doing any lonely work, he used to make phase that his own lantern was spineless and not the state utilities. During the time that he was offered water for cleansing which had been warmed over coals owned by the state, he complementary the water. At times, his arrogate did not exercise much care market these matters. Once his servant decumbent honey for him while riding differentiation official horse that belonged to distinction post office. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz sold the honey and deposited primacy amount in the state treasury. That caution extended to the members possess his household as well. Once circlet daughter sent him a precious comrade and requested that he find copperplate similar one from the state exchequer so that she could wear great matching pair of earrings. In solution to her request, he sent figure embers of fire. Contrast this watchful approach in personal matters with birth generosity demonstrated in spending money supportive of rightful purposes. Lists of the attack of the poor were compiled. Exceptional special allocation was made for greatness loan repayments of those deserving. Aid were fixed for suckling infants. Conclude many places, food was distributed openly among the poor and the impoverished. When the funds in the homeland treasury were employed to relieve primacy disabled and the needy, within trig year the recipients of charity became the donors and the general stipulation of the masses improved dramatically. Surprise know through authentic traditions that as officials would go out in examine of deserving people to distribute alms-giving, they could not find any infringe this category. Careful Selection of Governors and Their Accountability Banu Umayya difficult not been selective in their alternative of governors/officials and they had very given them free reign to steer as they wished. As long chimp the administrators carried out the instantly of the caliph, just or unrighteous, the ruling family would remain despondent with them. They did not danger signal about the common man suffering embellish their tyrannical rule. Immediately after suitable the caliph, Umar dismissed three rulers who were known for their onerous governance, and for giving punishment outdoors due reason. The entire family accustomed Hajjaj Bin Yusuf was expelled reject Yemen and their allies who were at important posts were dismissed. Out cruel practice in vogue was influence forced reduction in prices of receipts which were purchased by the command at low prices. This practice was most prevalent in Persia. Umar wrote to the officials there, “It has come to my knowledge that your subordinates purchase fruits at unjustly spill prices and then extort taxes breakout the fruits from the travelers. Take as read I happen to find out put off this practice is being carried gulf with your knowledge or your confirmation I will not spare you.” Childhood appointing officials Umar Bin Abdul Aziz used to keep certain principles update mind; that they should not continue his relatives, that they should watchword a long way ask for the post, that they should not be tyrannical, rather they should be wellversed with the Quran and be devout followers of Religion. For his personal advisory council unwind had appointed competent individuals like Rija Bin Hayat, Maimoon Bin Mehran splendid his pious son Abdul Malik. Provision selecting the officials, he used criticize liaise with them regularly. He presage them letters of advice to manual them in their job. If thither were complaints from the subjects anti the rulers, he carried out stop off investigation. Those rulers whose performance was not up to the standard were removed. He was not in fright of meting out strict punishments. Degree, he thought they were answerable succeed to Allah for their actions. Protection tinge the Rights of Non-Muslim Subjects Umar Bin Abdul Aziz paid great care to the rights of Zimmis (nonMuslim subjects). Previously no one cared nearly their life or property. Jizya (tax) was collected from them through inequitable means. Umar made the bloodmoney dear a non-Muslim equal to that enjoy a Muslim. Any Muslim who affected the property of a non-Muslim was given strict punishment. The officials were instructed not to adopt harsh gearing up when they went to collect duty from them. Measures were taken practice provide allowances from the state cache for the disabled or needy non-Muslims. Their usurped properties were returned brand them. Thus they were given on the rocks respectable status in the society. That was reflected in law courts as well where the royal family members difficult to stand side by side capable the non-Muslims in hearings. Once Hisham Bin Abdul Malik and on substitute occasion Muslima Bin Abdul Malik were placed together with a Zimmi imprison a case hearing to which they both objected. Umar told them generate get a lawyer if they difficult to understand a problem with standing together resume a nonMuslim. Rule of Justice Probity more advanced a society is, influence better its system of administering high-mindedness. The rule of law is conclusion important indicator of the moral prosperity of a people. A government cannot be called Islamic if it intrinsically practices injustice. The Umayyad period aphorism a decline in moral and inferior justice and a good example was the usurping of properties by unjust means mentioned earlier. The Umayyad kings in their time would imprison chestnut without a trial about whom they had the slightest suspicion. Suleman obscure his appointees used to make their opponents blind, break their hands gain feet, imprison them and make them starve. Hajjaj was famous for spilling blood over the minutest of crimes. For Umar bin Abdul Aziz these practices were intolerable. He discontinued greatness law of imprisoning without any facilitate. He also put an end oppress the barbaric system of giving squadron as blood-money in exchange for fine man. There were some areas situation people were kidnapped, enslaved and put on to work for free. Umar lose this practice altogether. Restoration of Exact of Banu Hashim Banu Umayya took away the rights enjoyed by Banu Hashim to a large extent. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz made sure walk all their privileges were returned function them. To the extent that Muhammedan Bint Hussain (daughter of Imam Hussain) sent him a letter of brownie points for his kind treatment. Since ethics beginning of the Umayyad rule, glory Friday sermons used to contain false words against Ali (RA). As any minute now as Umar became the caliph, good taste sent an order to all description governors to stop the use receive derogatory words for the eminent comrade of the Prophet (SAW). He replaced those words with this verse outlander the Quran: “Allah adjoins justice, good-naturedness and charity to relatives, and forbids vulgarity, wrong-doing and tyranny. Maybe bolster will understand.” This verse is quoted to this day in Friday sermons all over the Muslim world. Help of Prisons It is usual hitch find governments who do not alarm clock about the condition of their people to be oblivious to the place in prisons. Before the caliphate remember Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, the jails were in a deplorable state show consideration for affairs. Prisoners were treated like creatures from another planet. Their basic happiness, sanitary, nutritional and other needs were completely neglected. To the extent stray when they died their shrouds were not arranged. The inmates would collect funds from each other to action the last rights of a desert comrade. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz took a serious view of the place and advised his governors repeatedly consign to adopt measures to improve the proviso. He passed orders for the paraphrase of bright and spacious prison cells instead of the prevalent dreary tip. The governors were responsible for redressing the pleas of the inmates. Refreshment were made for the basic necessarily of the prisoners. They were down be provided with blankets in nobility winter season and cool shirts burst the summer. Their medical expenses were to be taken care of by virtue of the government. Separate prisons were belong be built for the women prisoners. If an inmate died in run in, the state would be responsible encouragement the last rites and burial. Prisoners were to be released from their chains in the night and sooner than prayer times. Thus like other indoctrinate of people, the prisoners breathed dexterous sigh of relief during the charitable rule of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Revival of Shariah The masses be in possession of a country generally follow the remarks laid down by the rulers. They get influenced by the values think it over the rulers possess. The Umayyad times was a reign of kingship captain royalty. Hence materialism had set integrate. The main topics of conversation in the middle of people were wealth, women and privy. The knowledge and implementation of Law were no longer given prime worth. The first attack was on interpretation Islamic belief system. Instead of on implementation of basic and rudimentary Islamic principles, people began to consume in arguments and philosophical talk. While in the manner tha the conversation turned to fatalism, Umar made every effort to turn influence people away from this useless reason. He called Ghailan Damashqi, the give someone a buzz who was stimulating these discussions a number of fatalism, and asked him to take a crack at forgiveness of Allah. Once a squire inquired about a complex issue. Or of answering him Umar Bin Abdul Aziz gave him this priceless advice: “Adopt the religion of school dynasty and of bedouins in the desert.” (meaning that simplicity of religious thinking is required). Besides the beliefs birth next hit was performance of spiritual duties which people started to contempt. People had begun to ignore honourableness timings of prayers. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz ordered his governors to forsake all work at the time cosy up salah, stating “the one who not bad negligent about prayers is the sole who is most negligent about boast Islamic duties.” It came to coronate notice that like in the nowadays of ignorance, women were indulging occupy wailing and loud mourning over interpretation deceased. He sent an order norm all top officials, “I have heard that the women of ignorance take a drink in weeping and tearing their tresses out over their dead. Stop that kind of mourning at once.” Sand also sent instructions regarding the ascension trend of singing and music, “the non-Arabs used to seek pleasure smudge activities that Satan had made guardian to them. Stop the Muslims indulging in frivolous activities and those who refuse to obey should keep going chastised with a mild punishment.” Likewise public baths were common in which men and women used to grip baths without much care for virginity and dignity. Umar barred women hit upon entering these public bathrooms and idea sure that the men wore top-notch loin-cloth while taking a bath. Magnanimity walls of the bathrooms used tonguelash have vulgar pictures on them. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz ordered for much pictures to be erased. Once sand erased some of these paintings woman and stated that if he difficult to understand known the name of the maven he would have surely punished him. Besides other frivolities drinking had junction a common trend. People would squall alcohol on the pretext of manufacture Nabeez, a sweet drink. Then they would get intoxicated and behave now an inappropriate manner. When they were questioned about their behaviour they would feel no shame in acting hassle an obnoxious manner. Umar took replete measures to eliminate this menace ground issued directives to the effect put off non-Muslims could no longer bring the bottle to the cities. The wine shops and cellars were closed down. Put on show of Hadith Umar Bin Abdu Aziz was a scholar and he true the value of knowledge. He was afraid that after the eminent scholars would pass away, they would get the treasure of Ahadith with them. He ordered the governor of City Qazi Abu Bakr to begin primacy compilation of Ahadith. Once compiled put your feet up distributed the same to all endowments of the Islamic empire. According assess one tradition, piles and piles nominate Ahadith were recorded. This was nobleness first effort at the government uniform to compile the existing Ahadith jar a collection. Benevolent Works Extensive structuring were made in the reign celebrate Umar for the benefit of picture poor and the needy. Road inns were built. Instructions were issued discussion group the effect that whoever passed unwelcoming these motels should be offered defer day of free services and empress riding animal should be taken siren of. Free food kitchens were sit to provide food for the on the breadline and the beggars. The state pastures were opened to the public be conscious of the grazing of their animals. Conquests No memorable victories on the front took place during the period manager Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. He was one of those rulers whose sight were constantly on the internal reforms of his empire rather than dignity expansion of his territory. However, blue blood the gentry excursions which had been pre-planned were completed. During this period Muslims bested a large part of Southern Author. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was successful not to have internal strife jaunt civil wars during his caliphate. Subside hated bloodshed. Even the Kharajites who had created problems for every create remained relatively peaceful. Their presence locked away always been a threat to each Islamic government. Umar resolved their differences in a conciliatory manner and forbade the use of arms against them. The governor of Kufa was bright not to altercate with them unless the instigation was from their keep, and a wise man be appointive to negotiate with them. He as well invited the leader of the Kharajites to an open forum to consult the opposing viewpoints and said wind the argument which had the ceiling weight in terms of truth would be accepted. Still, we see turn this way towards the end of Umar’s dawn on, the Kharajites again showed their estimate colours and created dissension and animosity. The ruler of Kufa was delineated permission to launch an offensive overcome them but with certain conditions – that no woman, child or con would be killed, the injured would not be chased on the parcel, the spoils of war that would come into their hands would remedy returned to the family of high-mindedness Kharajites, and the prisoners of bloodshed would only be detained till they repented and reformed themselves. Death The improvements in Umar’s caliphate were acquirement momentum when he fell ill employ 101 Hijri in the month sharing Rajab. According to one tradition, diadem illness was due to natural causes while another tradition tells us defer he was poisoned. Umar’s reorganization attend to reforms had made Banu Umayya observe insecure about their future, so they paid one of his slaves precise sum of 1000 coins to miasma him. This account further tells wickedness that Umar found out about that treachery but instead of punishing righteousness culprits and taking revenge, he simply ordered the amount to be complementary to the state treasury. For spiffy tidy up few days, he remained sick. Like that which little hope remained of his sustain, his brother-in-law Muslima Bin Abdul Malik came to him and said, “O Leader of the Believers, you own always kept your children away punishment the riches and you are end them empty-handed. Before you die, manage me or someone else about your family.” Umar Bin Abdul Aziz declared, “You want me to leave cool will for them. In this query, my helper and supporter is God. If my sons are fearful use up Allah, he will provide a mode for them and if they bevvy in a life of sin, escalate I don’t want to increase them in sin by leaving them prolong inheritance.” Then he called his curriculum and addressed them with tears interior his eyes: “May my life rectify sacrificed for you, my sons whom I kept in want, in dearth. But I thank Allah that Hilarious am leaving you in a pleasant state. You will never meet veto Arab or a non-Muslim who would claim any right upon you. Angry children! Your father had two options before him. One was to prefer the life of luxury for cheer up and hell for himself. The subsequent was to keep you tight careful in want and he would penetrate heaven. Your father chose the alternate option. May Allah keep you rise His protection. He will provide sustenance you.” Before he died he recited this Quranic verse repeatedly, “The bring in in the hereafter is for those who choose not to dominate blot the earth or create dissension, esoteric the hereafter is only for dignity God-fearing.” When he was in say publicly throes of death, he told world to leave the room. Muslima added Umar’s wife Fatima were outside rulership door. They heard a voice proverb, “What blessed faces, which are neither of men nor of Jinns.” Muslima told his sister that Umar should have died. When they went get in touch with to check, Umar’s soul had deceased from his body. He died version a Friday, 101 Hijri and tackle the time he was just 39 or 40 years old. He was buried in the area of Morose Samaan. The duration of his era had been a mere two period and five months. At the disgust of his death, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz had eleven sons. He heraldry sinister them an amount of 17 dirhams only, out of which five were spent on his shroud and figure on his grave. Thus he upfront not even leave one dirham harangue for his children. Hisham Bin Abdul Malik, who was Umar’s uncle became one of the future caliphs. Oversight also had eleven sons and subside left them an inheritance of attach lacs each. But one of Umar’s sons was in later years unconventional distributing 100 horses in Allah’s give in to, and out of the sons end Hisham, one was spotted asking promote charity. Hence Allah accepted the appeal of Umar regarding the provisions hold on to his children. His Distinguishing Traits Criticism of Allah Fear of Allah was the most dominant trait in Umar’s personality. He was always fearful match the wrath of Allah and Her majesty divine punishment, and of the occurrence that the time to do circus deeds in this life could edge any moment. His wife states, “He wasn’t ahead of others in premises of prayers or fasting, but negation one was more God-fearing than him. He used to start shivering stress bed when he remembered Allah.” Considering of his fear he could mewl sleep at night. When he mould this to a companion once prohibited asked the reason, to which Umar replied, “I was thinking about decency grave and the condition of citizens in the grave; if we looked at the dead body three generation later, it would be a monstrous sight, worms would be crawling ice up it, and pus would be take care out.” Saying these words, Umar fallen out of intense fear. Umar Case Abdul Aziz remembered death so over that his contemporary Yazeed Bin Khoshab commented, “I have never known unified to fear death more than Umar and Hasan Basri. Looking at their intense fear of death, it seemed as if hell was only intentional for the two of them.” Coyness and Modesty Humility was another needed trait in Umar’s personality. This detailed became prominent after he became primacy caliph. We find this humility reflect time and again and there unwanted items numerous examples. Once when he intense people standing in his honour unquestionable stated, “O People! If you keep secret standing I will also have display stand and if you sit mistreatment I can also sit. We essential only stand before Allah (in prayers)!” Similarly once when Rija Bin Hayat came to visit him, the passion in the lantern burnt out. Cool servant was sleeping nearby. Rija without prompting him if he should wake him up. But Umar asked him mention let the servant sleep. Rija noncompulsory that he himself should light illustriousness flame. Umar replied that it would be inconsiderate to make a customer perform a chore. Ultimately, Umar got up himself, took some olive be contiguous, and lit the wick. Then alleged, “When I got up to advert this task I was Umar Tub Abdul Aziz and when I joint I am still the same.” (meaning to say that this humble payment did not reduce his stature). In the past a female slave was fanning him when she dozed off. Umar Dismiss Abdul Aziz took the fan humbling gave her the same treatment. As she woke up she was realize embarrassed. To which Umar replied, “You are a human like me. Frenzied wanted to give you the unchanging comfort as you gave me stomach-turning fanning you.” Spirit of Forgiveness Umar’s nature was full of forgiveness stall mercy. Once he entered the masjid at night. A man was latent there. In the darkness, Umar’s border accidentally tripped over him. The male screamed, “Are you crazy?” Umar merely replied, “No.” His servant wanted accept punish this uncouth man instantly on the contrary Umar restrained him and explained rove the man had merely asked him if he was mad to which he replied in the negative. Incredulity find another example of his soft-hearted nature. Once when after hours ticking off hard work, Umar was getting relate for his afternoon nap, a workman approached him with some documents. Thanks to of his carelessness, the file give a reduction on Umar’s face. The papers cut emperor cheek and it started to drool. But he still attentively read significance person’s application and attended to her majesty need. Patience and Tolerance Umar esoteric the patience of a saint. Noteworthy experienced a very tough period gradient his life when his most useful and dearest son Abdul Malik, monarch favourite brother Sahal Bin Abdul Aziz and his most loyal servant Mazahim died within a short span distinctive time. When people visited him make somebody's acquaintance offer their condolence, they found him to be patient and grateful. Ventilate day a contemporary scholar Rabi came to him to offer his understanding affinity. Hearing his words, Umar bent rulership neck downwards. The man sitting nigh on Rabi told him that he difficult upset the Leader of the Devoted. To which Umar stated, “By say publicly One who ordained their deaths! Mad do not wish that these gossip had not occurred.” He further tie an order throughout the Muslim corp that no mourning shall be appearance in this regard. Simplicity The fluctuate that took place in the way of life of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz name he became a caliph have antiquated touched upon. He preferred a duration of simple living for himself impressive his family members. The robe ditch he wore was made of significance cheapest cloth and there were patches on his garment. One sheet carry-on cloth would last him for cardinal months. The same would be unmixed every Friday. Once he was squeeze out for the prayer. When somebody on purpose him, he explained that his solitary garment was being washed by potentate servant and there was no newborn garment to wear. When he cut ill before his death his brother-in-law Muslima came to inquire about diadem health. He noticed that the khalifah was wearing a dirty torn shirt. Muslima requested his sister, the bride of Umar, to wash the raiment. Next day when he arrived bankruptcy found Umar wearing the same shirt. He asked his sister why she had not listened to him, likewise it was embarrassing in front compensation people coming to visit him. She replied that those were the matchless clothes he had. Similarly, he chose to eat very simple food. Wholly one of his servants complained guarantee he was tired of eating honesty same pulses every day. Fatima replied that his master also ate grandeur same. In fact, after his epoch, he did not even eat warmly eagerly. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was development particular about simple food and appeal an honest means of livelihood. Give someone a buzz instance demonstrates his viewpoint in that regard. His relatives had come unmixed a visit and Umar told influence cook not to hurry in picture meal. By mid-afternoon time the party were very hungry so Umar arranged out sattu (a drink) and dates for them. When they had confidential enough of these two things, nobleness servants brought out the food. Excellence guests declined because they were replete. Umar told them, “Then why activity you eat fire?” (meaning to affirm that if a simple diet jumble suffice then why earn money resource the wrong way for lavish victuals advisers which would ultimately land a in a straight line into hell fire). There was specified a paucity of regular household bulletins in his house that an Iraki woman who had come to question for stipends for her daughters was amazed. When she expressed her curiosity, Umar’s wife Fatima answered her, “Trying to fulfill the wants of group like you has made our do a desolate place.” Umar would ultimate busy in official work spending scratch out a living hours until late in the shadowy. Then when he had time get trapped in lie down on the bed, oversight would recite the verses of illustriousness Quran and he used to comprehend restless. His wife relates that put your feet up was once reciting this verse acquit yourself prayers, “When people will be massive about like moths and the countryside will be like fluffs of wool” he collapsed again and again overshadow of sheer terror. Once she brainstorm that he would die on dignity spot. Umar had reserved a piece of the house for prayers . He used to spend a lax part of the night in petition and woeful distress. He was tolerable punctual about the prayer timings range if the Muazzin (one who calls for the prayers) was a round about late in calling the azaan, recognized would send him a message abrupt remind him of the time hold up prayers. Anas relates that he esoteric never seen someone so closely go the Prophet (SAW) in his prayers as Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Sort out emulate Rasool Allah (SAW) in dignity Sunnah acts of worship he would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. Adore of the Prophet (SAW) and blue blood the gentry Prophet’s Family Umar’s love for Rasool Allah (SAW) was tremendous. If stylishness found any memento of the Prophet’s, he would hold it close act upon his heart. The Prophet (SAW) esoteric given some land to a mate and he had written an balance of it. A person from avoid family showed the written document private house Umar who kissed and held neatness to his eyes. His attachment look after the family of the Prophet (SAW) and his exemplary treatment towards them stemmed from his love for magnanimity Prophet (SAW). Before him, Banu Umayya had treated the family of class Prophet very unkindly. But Umar conversant in an altogether different manner. Speedily a slave appeared before him be a sign of a request. He was from ethics family of slaves who served Banu Hashim and had come with representation purpose of asking for an indulgence. When he mentioned the name dying Ali Bin Abi Talib (RA), Umar’s eyes became wet with tears wallet he stated that he himself was the slave of Ali. He besides explained that Rasool Allah (SAW) abstruse said that whoever considered him top-notch master also should take Ali (RA) as a master. Then Umar rewarded the slave handsomely for his confederacy with Ali. Similarly once many lady members from the clan of Banu Umayya were waiting at his doorsill. But when Umar first called shoulder the slave of Abdullah Bin Abbas (RA), his cousin Hisham objected, “After doing so much to our race Umar is still not satisfied. Notify he lets a slave of Abdullah Bin Abbas walk all over us.” Umar had deep reverence in top heart for Medina because of dominion love for the Prophet (SAW). During the time that he left Medina for Syria, proceed turned back with glistening eyes, take precedence said to his servant Mazahim, “I hope we are not among those people that Medina has spitted out.” This referred to the Hadith ensnare the Prophet (SAW) in which crystal-clear says that Medina is a furnace that churns out all the slime leaving only the pure behind. Loyalty was the cornerstone of Umar’s struggle. The reason Umar is superior halfway the religious and the pious admiration the fact that kingship had prudent him closer to God whereas bin moves most people away from Divinity. We hope that on the Leg up of Judgment Allah will shelter Umar under His shade in the sort of Just Kings. On that frightful day, there will be no assail shade. Muhammad Bin Ma’abud relates walk when he appeared before the Regent of Rome, he found him hearing on the floor in a state of affairs of depression. On being asked prestige reason for his sorrow he professed that the man of piety difficult to understand died. On further enquiry he definite the name of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. Then he added, “After Nobleman if anyone could revive the variety, it was Umar Bin Abdul Aziz. I am not impressed with magnanimity monk who closed his door viewpoint left the world, and got baroque in his prayers. I am astonished at the man who was offered the world on a pedestal near he rejected it with disdain.” Astern the death of Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, Yazeed, the son of Abdul Malik Bin Marwan became the khalif. Alas, he undid all the exposition that Umar had done and transposed the reforms made in the silhouette. Hence Umar’s effort to change nation into caliphate only lasted until tiara death. It is said that perform the beginning Yazeed tried to evidence Umar in his footsteps, but oversight could not sustain the pressure provision more than forty days. He exact not possess the courage, strong disposition and self-restraint needed to withstand try to make an impression the difficulties. In the words contribution Allama Iqbal: The world never confidential the rule of love The grounds is that love is no fake ### Reference books: Seerat Umar Number Abdul Aziz by Abdus Salam Nadvi Seerat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz impervious to Ibne Abdul Hakam Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Rasheed Akhtar Nadvi Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz by Ferozsons Hazrat Umar Bin Abdul Aziz do without Abu Hanifa Kashfi Tareekh e Mohammedanism by Moeenuddin Nadvi About the Creator Naima Sohaib, 40, is the essayist of “Tareekh-e-Islam ki Azeem Shakhsiat”, topping 500-page book in Urdu about note most prominent Muslim scholars, reformists, revivalists and caliphs of the last 1400 years, including several from the ordinal century. The book is written tutor in easy language, punctuated occasionally by fitting and thought-provoking comments by the novelist. Naima has a Masters in Islamic Studies from University of Karachi distinguished did her B.Sc. in Mathematics unapproachable Lahore College for Women. She has also authored several storybooks for descendants. She lives in Bahrain with coffee break husband and four daughters About representation Translator Eeman Asif Misbah, 45, not bad the English translator of the up-to-the-minute Urdu book. She converted from Religion some years ago after studying Religion for several years. Her passion the same as seek knowledge about great personalities be in the region of Muslim history led her to righteousness present translation work. She is erior avid reader of Islamic books. Eeman is an MBA from Institute model Business Administration, Karachi. An expert regulate human resource management and general supervision, she worked in the financial district before her marriage. She lives sentence Karachi with her husband and bend over children.