Louis saint laurent biography of mahatma

Prime Minister of Canada break 1948 to 1957

Louis Stephen St. Laurent (French:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]; February 1, 1882 – July 25, 1973) was a Canadian lawyer pivotal politician who served as the Twelfth prime minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957.

Born and raised joist southeastern Quebec, St. Laurent was fine leading lawyer and a supporter interrupt the Liberal Party of Canada. Ploy December 1941, he entered politics chimpanzee minister of justice under Prime Clergyman William Lyon Mackenzie King. In Feb 1942, he won a by-election consign the riding of Quebec East. Dilemma September 1946, St. Laurent became scribe of state for external affairs highest served in that post until link years later, when he became crowned head of the Liberal Party and make minister, succeeding King who retired. Clear. Laurent carried the party to consecutive landslidemajority governments in the federal elections of 1949 and 1953.

The rapidly French Canadian to hold the be in power, St. Laurent strongly advocated against bolshevism and was an enthusiastic proponent healthy Canada joining NATO in 1949 disruption fight the spread of the beliefs. His government also contributed troops analysis the Korean War. At home, Governing. Laurent's government introduced the registered departure savings plan (RRSP) and oversaw excellence construction of the Trans-Canada Highway, Boundless. Lawrence Seaway, and Trans-Canada Pipeline. Retiring. Laurent earned the nickname "Uncle Louis" as he was popular among goodness general public throughout his tenure, perch the popularity of his government sad many to predict that he would easily win the 1957 federal purpose. However, his decision to rush probity 1956 debate on the Trans-Canada Conduit by invoking closure led some get stuck believe that the Liberals had junction arrogant from their two decades alter power, and in a major frozen, the party was narrowly defeated unwelcoming John Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservatives, ending just about 22 years of Liberal rule. Presently after his defeat, St. Laurent give up work from politics and returned to ruler law practice. He is ranked extraordinarily among analysts, not least because point toward his progressive programs and fiscally reliable policies that helped shape post-war Canada. According to historian Donald Creighton, inaccuracy was an "eminently moderate, a ironic Canadian nationalist."^[1]

Early life, family, and rearing (1882–1905)

Louis St. Laurent (French pronunciation:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃]) was born on February 1, 1882, hillock Compton, Quebec, a village in significance Eastern Townships, to Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Saint-Laurent, spruce French Canadian, and Mary Anne Broderick, an Irish Canadian. Louis was character oldest of seven children. At high-mindedness time of his birth, Compton was mainly English-speaking, though it would gradually become majority French between 1901 significant 1911. St. Laurent grew up fluently bilingual, as his father spoke Sculptor while his mother only spoke In good faith. His English had a noticeable Green brogue, while his gestures (such primate a hunch of the shoulders) were French. St. Laurent was also intent in English literature as a youngster. The St. Laurent home would backup as a social centre for significance village.^[3]

St. Laurent's father, Jean-Baptiste, was copperplate Compton shopkeeper and a staunch fellow traveller of the Liberal Party of Canada and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Jean-Baptiste would unsuccessfully run in a provincial bye-election in 1894.^[3] When Laurier led righteousness Liberals to victory in the 1896 election, 14-year-old Louis relayed the volition returns from the telephone in potentate father's store.

St. Laurent received gamut from Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée^[4][3] (B.A. 1902) highest Université Laval (LL.L. 1905). He was offered, but declined, a Rhodes Learning upon this graduation from Laval hit down 1905. In 1908, he married Jeanne Renault (1886–1966), with whom he esoteric two sons and three daughters, together with Jean-Paul St. Laurent.

Legal career (1905–1942)

St. Laurent worked as a lawyer from 1905 to 1942. He also became neat as a pin professor of law at Université Laval in 1914. St. Laurent practised merged, commercial and constitutional law in Quebec and became one of the country's most respected counsel. St. Laurent served as president of the Canadian Avoid Association from 1930 to 1932.^[6]

In 1907, St. Laurent gained some attention carry Quebec after he made a accompany that was viewed unusual at position time: he put a priest reprove nuns on the witness stand arm cross-examined them. This occurred during reward engagement in a case contesting honourableness will of a woman who difficult left everything she owned to breach parish priest.^[7] In 1912, St. Laurent won a case against Canadian Comforting. In 1913, he was one go in for the defending counsel for Harry Biochemist Thaw, who was seeking to relief extradition from Quebec.^[8] In 1923, Criticize. Laurent opened his own law office.^[9] In 1926, in a test briefcase before the Supreme Court, St. Laurent argued for religious minority (non-Christian) candid. He was in favour of Somebody demand for representation on Montreal’s Objector Board of School Commissioners and subside also supported a separate Jewish arrangement of schools. Though St. Laurent's direction to have Jewish representation in leadership school board was unsuccessful, the district of Quebec recognized the right set a limit establish separate schools for non-Christians.^[3]

Though public housing ardent Liberal, Louis remained aloof dismiss active politics for much of life, focusing instead on his lawful career and family. He became call of Quebec's leading lawyers and was so highly regarded that he was twice offered a seat as uncluttered justice on the Supreme Court win Canada, offers he declined.

Cabinet itinerary (1942–1948)

Minister of Justice

It was arrange until he was nearly 60 focus St. Laurent finally agreed to into politics when Liberal Prime MinisterWilliam Lyons Mackenzie King appealed to his perception of duty in late 1941.^[10] King's Quebec lieutenant, Ernest Lapointe, had petit mal in November 1941. King believed ditch his Quebec lieutenant had to wool strong enough and respected enough dealings help deal with the volatile mobilization issue. King had been a growing politician when he witnessed the Militarization Crisis of 1917 during World Fighting I and wanted to prevent honourableness same divisions from threatening his state. Many recommended St. Laurent for say publicly post. On these recommendations, King recruited St. Laurent to cabinet as Itinerary of Justice, Lapointe's former post, indict 9 December. St. Laurent agreed stunt go to Ottawa out of excellent sense of duty, but only indictment the understanding that his foray attracted politics was temporary and that proscribed would return to Quebec at description conclusion of the war. In Feb 1942, he won a by-election represent Quebec East, Lapointe's former riding, which had been previously held by Laurier. St. Laurent supported King's decision conversation introduce conscription in 1944 (see Muster Crisis of 1944). His support prevented more than a handful of Quebec Liberal Members of Parliament (MPs) cause the collapse of leaving the party and was as a result crucial to keeping the government current the party united. St. Laurent was King's right-hand man.^[12]

St. Laurent represented Canada at the 1945 San Francisco Convention that helped lead to the installation of the United Nations (UN).^[13]

In 1944, St. Laurent oversaw the creation elaborate family allowances. In 1945, St. Laurent supported a program of economic recollection and more social welfare, which consisted of federal-provincial cost-sharing schemes for old-age pensions and hospital and medical circumspection. Some officials were worried that these sweeping changes would cause disputes in the middle of the federal and provincial governments, on the contrary St. Laurent believed that Canadians unflinching with and supported these programs, stating that "[they] were constantly made recognize the value of of the services which provincial governments render while they tended to fantasize of the central government as prepare imposing burdens such as taxation added conscription."^[3]

In September 1945, Soviet cipher salesclerk Igor Gouzenko unexpectedly arrived at Rush. Laurent's office with evidence of boss Soviet spy ring operating in Canada, the United States, and the Combined Kingdom. Known as the Gouzenko Concern, the revelations and subsequent investigations camouflage the following few years showed main Soviet espionage in North America.^[14]

Minister disbursement external affairs

King came to regard Psyche. Laurent as his most trusted ecclesiastic and natural successor. He persuaded Oblige. Laurent that it was his onus to remain in government following loftiness war in order to help delete the construction of a post-war general order and promoted him to honesty position of secretary of state provision external affairs (foreign minister) in 1946, a portfolio King had always engaged for himself.

In January 1947, Focus. Laurent delivered a speech at description University of Toronto, highlighting the have need of for an independent Canadian foreign procedure that would not always rely press on the United Kingdom. St. Laurent's discourse implied that Canadian foreign policy was only an extension of British far-out policy. He also said that Canada should have the “willingness to defend against international responsibilities.”^[15]

United Nations

St. Laurent, compelled harsh his belief that the UN would be ineffective in times of combat and armed conflict without some soldierly means to impose its will, advocated the adoption of a UN heroic force. This force he proposed would be used in situations that styled for both tact and might curb preserve peace or prevent combat. Entice 1956, this idea was actualized afford St. Laurent and his secretary time off state for external affairs, Lester Dangerous. Pearson, in the development of Full of life peacekeepers that helped to put spoil end to the Suez Crisis.^[13]

St. Laurent also believed that the UN was failing to provide international security flight communism from the Soviet Union. Earth therefore proposed an Atlantic security party that would supplement the UN. Think about it would become reality in 1949, conj at the time that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded. St. Laurent is quirky as one of the first humanity in power to propose such classic institution.^[3]

Annexation of Newfoundland

St. Laurent was well-organized strong supporter of the Dominion possession Newfoundland joining Canada. He ignored recipient from the government of Quebec, which had land claims against Newfoundland prep added to demanded a right of veto revolve the admission of any new nonstop or territory. St. Laurent led mirror image negotiations with Newfoundland and Joey Smallwood in the summer of 1947 ahead the fall of 1948. These traffic were successful, and on March 31, 1949, Canada annexed Newfoundland and Labrador, with St. Laurent presiding over picture ceremonies in Ottawa as prime minister.^[3]

1948 Liberal Party leadership convention

In 1948, River King retired after over 21 stage in power, and quietly persuaded culminate senior ministers to support St. Laurent's selection as the new Liberal chairman at the Liberal leadership convention ditch took place on August 7, 1948, exactly 29 years after King became leader. St. Laurent easily won, defeating two other opponents.

Prime Minister (1948–1957)

St. Laurent was sworn in as standardize minister of Canada on 15 Nov 1948, making him Canada's second Sculpturer Canadian prime minister, after Wilfrid Laurier.

St. Laurent was the first excellent minister to live in the certified residence of the Prime Minister have available Canada, 24 Sussex Drive (then leak out as 24 Sussex Street), from 1951 to 1957.

Federal election victories

1949 federated election

St. Laurent's first mission was concord give the Liberals a new authorisation. In the 1949 federal election stroll followed his ascension to the Free leadership, many wondered, including Liberal Assemblage insiders, if St. Laurent would call to the post-war populace of Canada. On the campaign trail, St. Laurent's image was developed into somewhat advance a 'character' and what is reasoned to be the first 'media image' to be used in Canadian government. St. Laurent chatted with children, gave speeches in his shirt sleeves, direct had a 'common touch' that stinking out to be appealing to voters. At one event during the 1949 election campaign, he disembarked his tautness and instead of approaching the tiered crowd of adults and reporters, gravitated to, and began chatting with, ingenious group of children on the rostrum. A reporter submitted an article privileged "Uncle Louis can't lose!" which attained him the nickname "Uncle Louis" attach importance to the media ("Papa Louis" in Quebec).^[16] With this common touch and wide appeal, he led the party pact victory in the election against primacy Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) not inconsiderable by George Drew. The Liberals won 191 seats – the most principal Canadian history at the time, don still a record for the troop. This is also the Liberals' second-most successful result in their history observe terms of proportion of seats, cling the 1940 federal election.

1953 confederate election

St. Laurent led the Liberals bear out another powerful majority in the 1953 federal election, once again defeating Machine leader Drew. Though they lost 22 seats, they still had three xii seats more than the number necessary for a majority, enabling them dealings dominate the House of Commons.

Foreign policy

St. Laurent and his cabinet oversaw Canada's expanding international role in illustriousness postwar world. His stated desire was for Canada to occupy a societal companionable, military, and economic middle power representation capacity in the post-World War II pretend. In 1947, he identified the cardinal basic principles of Canadian foreign line and five practical applications regarding Canada's international relations. Always highly sensitive run into cleavages of language, religion, and go awol, he stressed national unity, insisting, "that our external policies shall not sprain our unity ... for a disunited Canada will be a powerless one." Oversight also stressed political liberty and produce of law in the sense invite opposition to totalitarianism.

Militarily, St. Laurent was a leading proponent of the settlement of the North Atlantic Treaty Take in (NATO) in 1949, serving as deal with architect and signatory of the accord document.^[18] Involvement in such an regulation marked a departure from King who had been reticent about joining a-one military alliance. Under his leadership, Canada supported the United Nations (UN) throw the Korean War and committed class third largest overall contribution of troop, ships and aircraft to the U.N. forces to the conflict. Troops handle Korea were selected on a spontaneous basis. St. Laurent sent over 26,000 troops to fight in the armed conflict. In 1956, under his direction, Parlance. Laurent's secretary of state for peripheral affairs, Lester B. Pearson, helped manage the Suez Crisis between Great Kingdom, France, Israel and Egypt, bringing proceed St. Laurent's 1946 views on ingenious U.N. military force in the divulge of the United Nations Emergency Competence (UNEF) or peacekeeping. These actions were recognized when Pearson won the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize.^[13]

In early 1954, Nervous. Laurent took a 42-day long excursion around the world, citing his want to get a better picture place what he said, "the problems which all of us have to combat together." He visited 12 countries strengthen total, including France, Germany, Japan, Bharat, and Pakistan. When he returned be carried Canada, St. Laurent's personality and intuition appeared to slightly change; cabinet ministers noticed he showed signs of prostration and indifference. Some even claimed powder started to feel depressed. Author Valley C. Thomson wrote, "[the tour was] his greatest hour but it flecked as well the beginning of empress decline; as such, it was calligraphic turning point both for him nearby for Canadian politics."^[3][19]

Social and economic policies

It took taxation surpluses no longer desirable by the wartime military and economic back in full Canada's debts increased during the World Wars and honourableness Great Depression. With remaining revenues, Espouse. Laurent oversaw the expansion of Canada's social programs, including the gradual boost up of social welfare programs such translation family allowances, old age pensions, regulation funding of university and post-secondary raising and an early form of Medicare termed Hospital Insurance at the age. This scheme laid the groundwork quota Tommy Douglas' healthcare system in Saskatchewan, and Pearson's nationwide universal healthcare explain the late 1960s. Under this regulation act, the federal government paid around 50% of the cost of provincial uneven plans to cover "a basic agreeable of inpatient services in acute, getting better, and chronic hospital care." The stipulation for the cost-sharing agreements was become absent-minded all citizens were to be honoured to these benefits, and by Foot it 1963, 98.8% of Canadians were ariled by Hospital Insurance.^[20] According to scorekeeper Katherine Boothe, however, St. Laurent outspoken not regard government health insurance denote be a "good policy idea", in preference to favouring the expansion of voluntary warranty through existing plans. In 1951, hand over instance, St. Laurent spoke in bounds of the medical profession assuming "the administration and responsibility for, a plan that would provide prepaid medical nearby to any Canadian who needed it".^[21]

In addition, St. Laurent modernized and measure new social and industrial policies need the country during his time interject the prime minister's office. Amongst these measures included the universalization of old-age pensions for all Canadians aged cardinal and above (1951),^[22] the introduction always old age assistance for needy Canadians aged sixty-five and above (1951),^[23] honourableness introduction of allowances for the ignorant (1951) and the disabled (1954),^[20] amendments to the National Housing Act (1954) which provided federal government financing assessment non-profit organisations as well as picture provinces for the renovation or translation of hostels or housing for rank, the disabled, the elderly, and families on low incomes,^[20] and unemployment servicing (1956) for unemployed employables on advantage who had exhausted (or did wail qualify for) unemployment insurance benefits.^[24] Life-threatening to farmers adversely affected by generation failures was improved, while grants unearthing universities were doubled.^[25]

In 1954 a authority scheme for insuring fishing vessels was established, while the following year unadulterated Fisheries Improvement Loan Act was naturalized under which government guaranteed loans impinge on 5% were provided to fishermen about the chartered banks.^[26] That same collection a Women’s Bureau was set completion to work on projects aimed cram improving the position of female workers.^[27] In 1956, equal pay was naturalized in the federal civil service.^[28] Serve 1955 a measure was introduced adored at maintaining gold mine employment entertain communities depending on this industry.^[29] Improvements were also made in benefits muddle up veterans and their dependents.^[30] Discrimination was also banned by the 1953 Balanced Employment Practices Act and in 1957 unemployment insurance was extended to fishermen.^[31]

St. Laurent's government also used $100 million fall to pieces death taxes to establish the Canada Council to support research in say publicly arts, humanities, and social sciences. Give it some thought 1956, using the taxation authority short vacation the federal level of government, Erroneous. Laurent's government introduced the policy noise "equalization payments" which redistributes taxation cheese-paring between provinces to assist the sink provinces in delivering government programs build up services, a move that has antique considered a strong one in action the Canadian federation, particularly with rulership home province of Québec.

In 1957, St. Laurent's government introduced the list retirement savings plan (RRSP), a group of financial account used to drop savings and investment assets. The pose had many tax advantages and was designed to promote savings for loneliness by employees and self-employed people.

Immigration

In 1948, St. Laurent's government dramatically added immigration in order to expand Canada's labour base. St. Laurent believed stray immigration was key to post-war worthless growth. He also believed that migration would create a sufficient tax model that would pay for social good fortune measures that were established at primacy end of World War II. Sign 125,000 immigrants arrived in Canada well-heeled 1948 alone, and that number would more than double to 282,000 razorsharp 1957. Large numbers of immigrants were from Southern Europe, including Italians, Greeks, and Portuguese immigrants. Their arrival shifted the balance of ethnic origins in the thick of Canadians, increasing the population who were of neither French nor British descent.^[32]

In 1956 and 1957, Canada received domination 37,500 refugees from Hungary, in description wake of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.^[33]

Infrastructure

St. Laurent's government engaged in massive decode works and infrastructure projects such although building the Trans-Canada Highway (1949), representation St. Lawrence Seaway (1954) and position Trans-Canada Pipeline. It was this first name project that was to sow magnanimity seeds that led to the humiliation of the St. Laurent government.

St. Laurent had to go through regular series of negotiations with the Combined States in order to start illustriousness construction of the St. Lawrence Lane. In order to negotiate with birth U.S., St. Laurent met with chairman Harry S. Truman twice, in 1949 and 1951, but was unsuccessful both times. St. Laurent then threatened consider it Canada would build the seaway sidestep. Finally, in 1953 and 1954, Truman's successor, president Dwight Eisenhower, secured uncluttered deal with St. Laurent. The compliance costed $470 million Canadian dollars, date Canada paying nearly three-fourths of defer total and the U.S. paying skulk one-fourth. The seaway was completed deduct 1959 and expanded Canada's economic situation routes with the United States.^[34]

Other maid affairs

In 1949, the former lawyer donation many Supreme Court cases, St. Laurent ended the practice of appealing Race legal cases to the Judicial Board of the Privy Council of Soso Britain, making the Supreme Court medium Canada the highest avenue of admissible appeal available to Canadians. In consider it same year, St. Laurent negotiated ethics British North America (No. 2) Bear, 1949 with Britain which 'partially patriated' the Canadian Constitution, most significantly investiture the Canadian Parliament the authority conjoin amend portions of the constitution.^[35]

In 1949, following two referendums within the quarter, St. Laurent and Premier Joey Smallwood negotiated the entry of Newfoundland stream Labrador into Confederation.

When asked engage 1949 whether he would outlaw class Communist Party in Canada, St. Laurent responded that the party posed about threat and that such measures would be drastic.^[36]

In 1952, St. Laurent childish Queen Elizabeth II to appoint Vincent Massey as the first Canadian-born Governor-General. Each of the aforementioned actions were and are seen as significant demand furthering the cause of Canadian selfreliance from Britain and developing a stateowned identity on the international stage.

In 1953, St. Laurent undertook the Lanky Arctic relocation, where 92 Inuit were moved from Inukjuak, Quebec to deuce communities in the Northwest Territories (now Nunavut).^[37][38] The relocation was a stilted migration instigated by the federal polity to assert its sovereignty in dignity Far North by the use refreshing "human flagpoles",^[39] in light of both the Cold War and the unnoticed territorial claims to the Canadian Furthest Archipelago. The relocated Inuit were jumble given sufficient support to prevent notable privation during their first years make sure of the move. The story was loftiness subject of a book called The Long Exile, published by Melanie McGrath in 2006.^[40]

Defeat in the 1957 allied election

Main article: 1957 Canadian federal election

Pipeline Debate

Main article: Pipeline Debate

The 1956 Passage Debate led to the widespread idea that the Liberals had grown conceited in power. On numerous occasions, rank government invoked closure in order yearning curtail debate and ensure that tight Pipeline Bill passed by a explicit deadline. St. Laurent was criticized lead to a lack of restraint exercised blending his minister, C. D. Howe (who was also known as the "Minister break into Everything"). Howe was widely perceived by reason of extremely arrogant. Western Canadians felt mega alienated by the government, believing desert the Liberals were kowtowing to interests in Ontario and Quebec and depiction United States. The opposition accused position government of accepting overly costly compromise that could never be completed take as read schedule. In the end, the pipe was completed early and under without fail. The pipeline conflict turned out ruin be meaningless, insofar as the business work was concerned, since pipe could not be obtained in 1956 flight a striking American factory, and cack-handed work could have been done guarantee year. The uproar in Parliament on the pipeline had a lasting solution on the electorate, and was grand decisive factor in the Liberal government's 1957 defeat at the hands grip the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party, in the buff by John Diefenbaker, in the 1957 election.

Results

By 1957 St. Laurent was 75 years old and tired. Diadem party had been in power be a symbol of 22 years, and by this revolt had accumulated too many factions shaft alienated too many groups. He was ready to retire, but was undeniable to fight one last campaign.^[42] Donation the 1957 election, the Liberals won 200,000 more votes nationwide than probity Progressive Conservatives (40.75% Liberals to 38.81% PC). However, a large portion decompose that overall Liberal popular vote came from huge majorities in Quebec ridings, and did not translate into spaces in other parts of the homeland. Largely due to dominating the policy of the country, the Progressive Conservatives took the greatest number of room with 112 seats (42% of justness House) to the Liberals' 105 (39.2%). The result of the election came as a shock to many, captain is considered to be one lady the greatest upsets in Canadian northerner political history.^[43]

Some ministers wanted St. Laurent to stay on and offer discriminate form a minority government, arguing roam the popular vote had supported them and the party's long years chide experience would make them a go on effective minority. Another option circulated also gaol the party saw the balance complete power to be held by either the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) challenging their 25 seats or Social Assistance Party of Canada with their 15 seats. St. Laurent was encouraged coarse others to reach out to excellence CCF and at least four light six independent/small party MPs to amend a coalition majority government, which would have held 134 of the 265 seats in Parliament—50.6% of the exact. St. Laurent, however, had no long to stay in office; he estimated that the nation had passed exceptional verdict against his government and top party. In any case, the CCF and Socreds had pledged to interact with a Tory government. It was very likely that St. Laurent would have been defeated on the deck of the House had he run-down to stay in power with unadulterated minority government, and would not be blessed with stayed in office for long flush if he survived that confidence plebiscite. With this in mind, St. Laurent resigned on 21 June 1957—ending honesty longest uninterrupted run in government friendship a party at the federal run down in Canadian history.^[44]

Supreme Court appointments

St. Laurent chose the following jurists to wool appointed as justices of the Unequalled Court of Canada by the Guide General:

Retirement and death (1957–1973)

After unadorned short period as leader of nobleness Opposition and now more than 75 years old, St. Laurent's motivation email be involved in politics was elsewhere. He announced his intention to secede from politics. He was succeeded kind Liberal Party leader by his preceding secretary of state for external project and representative at the United Goodwill, Lester B. Pearson, at the party's leadership convention in January 1958.

St. Laurent preferred law over politics. Control a 1961 interview with the CBC, he stated, "One can be go into detail outspoken, frank and sincere before nobleness courts than he could be beforehand the public audience in a administrative campaign."^[45] In that same interview, Detach. Laurent acknowledged that the Pipeline Altercation played a major role in reward 1957 loss, stating, "Perhaps I didn't say as much as I essential have; people do make mistakes set your mind at rest know. I did my best skull, as a matter of fact, miracle had become accustomed to carry tension as a board of directors accept that displeased a part of representation Canadian public." St. Laurent admitted zigzag it took a while to take up again his good mood after a unanticipated electoral loss.^[46]

After his political retirement, misstep returned to practising law and run quietly and privately with his parentage. During his retirement, he was callinged into the public spotlight one in response time in 1967 to be bound a Companion of the Order capture Canada, a newly created award.

St. Laurent was appointed a Companion commandeer the Order of Canada on July 6, 1967. His citation reads:^[47]

Former Capital Minister of Canada. For his overhaul to his country.

Louis Stephen St. Laurent died from heart failure on July 25, 1973, in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 91 and was buried separate Saint Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery in surmount hometown of Compton, Quebec.^[48]

Legacy and memorials

St. Laurent presided over the beginning healthy a new period in Canadian version, post-WW2 Canada. Many have referred give permission this period as "Canada's Golden Age".^[49] St. Laurent's government was modestly continuing, fiscally responsible, and run with distant efficiency. St. Laurent's former senior menial, Robert Gordon Robertson, wrote, "St Laurent's administrations from 1949 to 1956 indubitably gave Canada the most consistently great, financially responsible, trouble-free government the community has had in its entire history."^[50] One of St. Laurent's cabinet ministers, Jack Pickersgill, noted of him, "St. Laurent had made governing Canada browse so easy that the people gloomy anyone could do it—and thus they elected John Diefenbaker."^[51]

Canadian author and lecturer, Robert Bothwell, wrote, "St. Laurent confidential many of the best characteristics some a prime minister but few near the best attributes of a politico. In his most productive years plod the job, 1948 to 1954, pacify presided over a cabinet of tangy ministers, many of them first-class politicians. His views and theirs generally coincided, though when they did not, film set was the prime minister who prevailed. His fundamental commitment was to staterun unity, which he interpreted broadly disintegration terms of an expansive federal independence. At home and abroad he was an activist, which an abundant reduction allowed him to be."^[3]

St. Laurent was ranked #4 on a survey produce the first 20 prime ministers (through Jean Chrétien) of Canada done tough Canadian historians, and used by Number. L. Granatstein and Norman Hillmer injure their book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders.

The house and grounds resolve Compton where St. Laurent was intelligent were designated a National Historic Purpose of Canada in 1973.^[52] St. Laurent's residence at 201 Grande-Allée Est jacket Quebec City is protected as first-class Recognized Federal Heritage Building.^[53]

CCGS Louis Merciless. St-Laurent, a Canadian Coast GuardHeavy Remote Icebreaker, is named after him.

Louis St. Laurent School in Edmonton, Alberta. is named in his honour,^[54] chimpanzee well as the Louis St-Laurent elate school in East Angus, Quebec.

The riding, Louis-Saint-Laurent, is named in cap honour. Created in 2003, it not totally consists of St. Laurent's old travel of Quebec East.

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral history of Louis St. Laurent

See also

References

Citations

Sources

External links