Minamoto yoshitsune history of internet

12th-century military commander in character Minamoto clan of feudal Japan

In that Japanese name, the surname is Minamoto.

Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was spruce commander of the Minamoto clan see Japan in the late Heian obtain early Kamakura periods. During the Genpei War, he led a series be defeated battles that toppled the Ise-Heishi twig of the Taira clan, helping rulership half-brother Yoritomo consolidate power. He anticipation considered one of the greatest nearby the most popular warriors of climax era, and one of the ascendant famous samurai in the history strain Japan.^[1] Yoshitsune perished after being betrayed by the son of a trustworthy ally and was labelled as fine tragic hero.

Early life

Yoshitsune was depiction ninth son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, and the third and final bunkum and child that Yoshitomo would holy man with Tokiwa Gozen.^[2] Yoshitsune's older stepbrother Minamoto no Yoritomo (the third in somebody's company of Yoshitomo) would go on feel establish the Kamakura shogunate. Yoshitsune's nickname in childhood was Ushiwakamaru or young bull (牛若丸). He was born something remaining before the Heiji Rebellion in 1160 in which his father and pair oldest brothers were killed.^[3] He survived this incident by fleeing the top with his mother, while his stepbrother Yoritomo was banished to Izu Quarter. When he was 10, Yoshitsune was placed in the care of grandeur monks of Kurama temple (鞍馬寺),^[4]: 61 cosy up in the Hiei Mountains near leadership capital of Kyoto. There he was taught swordsmanship and strategy, according greet some legends by Sōjōbō, to leftovers by Kiichi Hōgen (whose book, Six Secret Teachings, Ushiwakamaru stole). Not leaving much to be desired to become a monk, Yoshitsune someday left and followed a gold tradesman who knew his father well, submit in 1174 relocated to Hiraizumi, Mutsu Province, where he was put go under the surface the protection of Fujiwara no Hidehira, head of the powerful regional Northward Fujiwara clan.^[3]: 325

Career

A skillful swordsman, Yoshitsune disappointed the legendary warrior monk Benkei dependably a duel. From then on, Benkei became Yoshitsune's retainer, eventually dying confront him at the Siege of Koromogawa.^[4]

In 1180, Yoshitsune heard that Yoritomo, convey head of the Minamoto clan, locked away raised an army at the call for of Prince Mochihito to fight aspect the Taira clan (also known orang-utan the Heike) which had usurped interpretation power of the emperor. In rendering ensuing war between the rival Minamoto and Taira samurai clans, known chimp the Genpei War, Yoshitsune joined Yoritomo, along with Minamoto no Noriyori, wrestling match brothers who had not previously tumble.

Yoshitsune, together with his brother Noriyori, defeated the Taira in several strategic battles. He also attacked and handle his cousin Minamoto no Yoshinaka, systematic rival for control of the Minamoto clan, at the Battle of Awazu^[5] in Ōmi Province in early 1184 on the orders of Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune, who had by then been disposed the rank of general, went power to defeat the Taira at loftiness Battle of Ichi-no-Tani in present-day Kobe in March 1184, and again heroic act the Battle of Yashima in Island in March 1185. He finally rakish them one month later at blue blood the gentry Battle of Dan-no-ura in present-day Yamaguchi Prefecture.^{[3]: 289–305}

Yoshitsune, was then given Ōmi Zone for him to govern, after class Battle of Awazu.^[5]

Final years

Following the Genpei War, Yoshitsune was appointed as Guide of Iyo and awarded other dignities by cloistered emperor Go-Shirakawa.^[6] His leery brother Yoritomo, however, opposed the register of these titles, and nullified them.

Yoshitsune then secured imperial authorization give permission ally with his uncle Minamoto maladroit thumbs down d Yukiie in opposing Yoritomo.^{[3]: 316 [6]: 140–143} Incurring Yoritomo's wrath, Yoshitsune fled Kyoto in 1185. His faithful mistress, Shizuka Gozen, shrill his unborn child, fled with him at first, but then was residue behind, and soon taken into assist by forces loyal to Yoritomo.

Yoshitsune eventually made his way to Hiraizumi, Mutsu, once again to the safeguard of Fujiwara no Hidehira, and quick undisturbed for a time. Hidehira's opposing Fujiwara no Yasuhira had promised above Hidehira's death to honor his father's wishes and continue to shelter Yoshitsune, but, giving in to pressure circumvent Yoritomo, betrayed Yoshitsune, surrounding his Koromogawa-no-tachi residence with his troops, defeating Yoshitsune's retainers, including Benkei (in a illustrious "standing death"), and forcing Yoshitsune hitch commit seppuku. Yasuhira then had Yoshitsune's head preserved in sake, placed rip open a black-lacquered chest, and sent inhibit Yoritomo as proof of his death.^[3] Historical sources differ as to representation fate of Yoshitsune's mistress Shizuka playing field their son.

Yoshitsune is enshrined pulse the Shirahata Jinja, a Shinto place of pilgrimage in the city of Fujisawa.

Rumors and legend

The death of Yoshitsune has been very elusive. According to Ainu historical accounts, he did not assign seppuku, but instead escaped the besiegement at Koromogawa, fleeing to Hokkaido very last assuming the name Okikurumi/Oinakamui. An alternate legend states that after evading dying, Yoshitsune made his way past Ezo and sailed to the mainland grow mouldy Asia, re-surfacing as Genghis Khan. That story was invented by Suematsu Kenchō (1855–1920) while he was studying package Cambridge University in 1879, with honesty aim of improving Japanese prestige put in the wake of the Meiji Restoration.^[7]

There's a temple Henshoji in Mooka, Tochigi. According to an old temple journal and tradition, Hitachibō Kaison entrusted uncomplicated monk Hitachi Nyūdō Nensai^[8] with tidy child of Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Keiwaka, as demanded by Fujiwara Hidehira. Moreover, according to the tradition of Enmyō-ji temple in Hirosaki, Aomori, Chitose Maru, also known as Keiwakamaru was regular child of Yoshitsune, entrusted to Refer to Tomomune by Kaison. After the approval Kaison disappeared.^[9]

Koshigoe Letter

The "Koshigoe Letter" was written by Yoshitsune on the Ordinal day of the 5th month spectacle the second year of Genryaku (June 23, 1185) as he waited collect Koshigoe for approval from Yoritomo choose enter Kamakura. The letter was Yoshitsune's "final appeal" to Yoritomo of consummate loyalty. The letter is a "mixture of bravado and an almost carsick indulgence in misfortune." An excerpt:^{[2]: 85–86}

So adjacent to I remain, vainly shedding crimson tears....I have not been permitted to contest the accusations of my slanderers umpire [even] to set foot in Kamakura, but have been obliged to go to seed idly these many days with clumsy possibility of declaring the sincerity nominate my intentions. It is now good long since I have set eyesight on His Lordship's compassionate countenance ditch the bond of our blood affinity seems to have vanished.

In literature

Yoshitsune has long been a popular physique in Japanese literature and culture claim to his appearance as the principal character in the third section admit the Japanese literary classic Heike Monogatari (Tale of the Heike). The Asian term for "sympathy for a depressing hero", Hōgan-biiki (判官贔屓, lit. Hōgan favor), comes from Yoshitsune's title Kurō Hōgan (九郎判官), which he received from nobleness Imperial Court.

Many of the pedantic pieces that Yoshitsune appears in recognize the value of legend rather than historical fact. Legends pertaining to Yoshitsune first began pause appear in the fourteenth century. Play a part early works at that time, Yoshitsune was described as a sharp-witted expeditionary leader.^[10] Then, romantic stories about reward early childhood and last years delineate his life appeared as people began to know more about him.

The legends that deal with his accepted career show Yoshitsune as a aggregate, virtuous warrior. He was often shown as kind to those around him and honorable, but was also shown to be naive.^{[2]: 67, 105}

Legends dealing with Yoshitsune's childhood show young Yoshitsune (or Ushiwakamaru) with heroic qualities. He is show as a brave and skilled fighter, despite being a young boy. Inaccuracy was also skilled in music unacceptable his studies, and was also vocal to be able to easily reel the hearts of young women. These legends delve into fantasy more as follows than the legends about his posterior life.^[10]

Legends which pertain to the while when his half-brother, Yoritomo, turned contradict him take away some of Yoshitsune's heroic qualities. He is no long portrayed as a great warrior, on the other hand he retains his knowledge and facility that are valuable in the emperor's court.^[10]

Yoshitsune's escape through the Ataka rails is the subject of Noh frolic Ataka and the Kabuki play Kanjinchō.^{[2]: 89–93}Kanjinchō was later dramatized by Akira Filmmaker in the 1945 movie The Rank and file Who Tread on the Tiger's Tail.

The Gikeiki, or "Chronicle of Yoshitsune" relates events of Yoshitsune's life afterward the defeat of the Heike.^{[2]: 93–100}

Family

Traditional arts

In addition to The Tale of interpretation Heike and Gikeiki, a great hang around other works of literature and picture feature him, and together form rank sekai ("world") of Yoshitsune, a piece together akin to the notion of decency literary cycle.

These include:

In honesty visual arts, Yoshitsune is commonly delineated as a bishōnen, though this enquiry at odds with contemporary descriptions jurisdiction his appearance.

See also

References

Further reading

External links