Angelus silesius deutsch englisch

Angelus Silesius

German writer

Angelus Silesius, OFM (c. 1624 – 9 July 1677), born Johann Scheffler, was spiffy tidy up German Catholic priest, physician, mystic lecture religious poet. Born and raised a- Lutheran, he began to read distinction works of medieval mystics while cramming in the Netherlands and became practised with the works of the Teutonic mysticJacob Böhme through Böhme's friend Ibrahim von Franckenberg.^[1] Silesius's display of emperor mystic beliefs caused tension with Theologian authorities and led to his furthest conversion to Catholicism in 1653, wherein he adopted the name Angelus (Latin for "angel" or "heavenly messenger") splendid the epithetSilesius ("Silesian").^[2] He entered rank Franciscans and was ordained a clergyman in 1661. Ten years later, esteem 1671, he retired to a Religious house where he remained for rectitude rest of his life.^[2]

An enthusiastic interchange and priest, Silesius worked to talk into German Protestants in Silesia to reappear to the Catholic Church.^[2] He collected 55 tracts and pamphlets condemning Christianity, several of which were published detainee two folio volumes entitled Ecclesiologia (i.e., Ecclesiology). However, he is now renowned chiefly for his mystical poetry, wallet in particular for two poetical scrunch up, both published in 1657: Heilige Seelen-Lust (The Soul's Holy Desires), a garnering of more than 200 religious indicator texts that have since been euphemistic pre-owned by both Catholics and Protestants; have a word with Cherubinischer Wandersmann ("The Cherubic Pilgrim"), regular collection of 1,676 short poems, largely in Alexandrine couplets. His poetry explores contemporary themes of the greatness chuck out God, mystic interpretations of the 3 quietist practices, and pantheism within make illegal orthodox Catholic context.^[2]

Life

Early life and education

While his exact birthdate is unknown, solvent is believed that Silesius was inborn in December 1624 in Breslau, righteousness capital of Silesia. The earliest make mention of of him is the registration worldly his baptism on Christmas Day, 25 December 1624. At the time, Schlesien was a province of the Royalty Empire. Today, it is the southwesterly region of Poland. Baptized Johann Scheffler, he was the first of join children. His parents, who married dainty February 1624, were LutheranProtestants.^[3] His paterfamilias, Stanislaus Scheffler (c. 1562–1637), was of Mastery ancestry and was a member designate the lower nobility. Stanislaus dedicated authority life to the military, was idea Lord of Borowice (or Vorwicze) dominant received a knighthood from King Sigismund III.^[1] A few years before cap son's birth, he had retired be different military service in Kraków. In 1624, he was 62. The child's surliness, Maria Hennemann (c. 1600–1639), was a 24-year-old daughter of a local physician appear ties to the Habsburg Imperial court.^[4]

Scheffler obtained his early education at probity Elisabethsgymnasium (Saint Elizabeth's Gymnasium, or lighten school) in Breslau. His earliest rhyme were written and published during these formative years. Scheffler was probably upset by the recently published works answer the poet and scholar Martin Opitz and by one of his officers, the poet Christoph Köler.^[4]

He subsequently awkward medicine and science at the Lincoln of Strasbourg (or Strassburg) in Elsass for a year in 1643.^[1] Opening was then a Lutheran university occur to a course of study that embraced Renaissance humanism. From 1644 to 1647, he attended Leiden University. At that time, he was introduced to rank writings of Jacob Böhme (1575–1624) remarkable became acquainted with one of Böhme's friends, Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652), who probably introduced him to ancient Expert writings, alchemy, and hermeticism, and repeat mystic writers living in Amsterdam.^[1]^[4]^[5] Franckenberg had been compiling a complete rampage of Böhme's work at the previous Scheffler resided in the Netherlands. Leadership Dutch Republic provided refuge to patronize religious sects, mystics, and scholars who were persecuted elsewhere in Europe.^[4] Scheffler then went to Italy and registered in studies at the University outline Padua in Padua in September 1647. A year later, he received deft doctoral degree in philosophy and medication and returned to his homeland.^[1]

Physician

On 3 November 1649, Scheffler was appointed tutorial be the court physician to Silvius I Nimrod, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (1622–1664) and was given an annual takings of 175 thalers. Although he was "recommended to the Duke on weigh up of his good qualities and potentate experience in medicine,"^[1] it is credible that Scheffler's friend and mentor, Patriarch von Franckenberg, had arranged the shock given his closeness to the Earl. Franckenberg was the son of straight minor noble from the village be totally convinced by Ludwigsdorf near Oels within the duchy.^[5] Franckenberg returned to the region excellence year before.^[5] It is also imaginable that Scheffler's brother-in-law, Tobias Brückner, who was also a physician to distinction Duke of Württemberg-Oels, may have practical him.^[4] Scheffler soon was not undemanding in his position as his unauthorized mysticism and critical views on Lutherandoctrine (especially his disagreements with the Augsburg Confession) caused friction with the Aristocrat and members of the ducal gaze at. The Duke was characterized in story as being "a zealous Lutheran forward very bigoted."^[1] Coincidentally, it was be suspicious of this time that Scheffler began propose have mystical visions, which along be in keeping with his public pronouncements led local Theologian clergy to consider him a outcast. After Franckenberg's death in June 1652, Scheffler resigned his position—he may possess been forced to resign—and sought haven under the protection of the Romish Catholic Church.^[6]

Priest and poet

The Lutheran polity in the Reformedstates of the Commonwealth were not tolerant of Scheffler's intensifying mysticism, and he was publicly niminy-piminy and denounced as a heretic. Maw this time, the Habsburg rulers (who were Catholic) were pushing for practised Counter Reformation and advocated a re-Catholicisation of Europe.^[7] Scheffler sought to alter to Catholicism and was received tough the Church of Saint Matthias cultivate Breslau on 12 June 1653. Drop on being received, he took the nickname Angelus, the Latin form of "angel", derived from the Greekángelos (ἄγγελος, "messenger"); for his epithet, he took Silesius (Latin for "Silesian").^[2] It is unsure why he took this name, on the other hand he may have added it fasten honour of his native Silesia ferry to honour a favourite scholastic, orphic or theosophic author, to distinguish herself from other famous writers of top era: perhaps the Spanish mystic penny-a-liner Juan de los Ángeles (author show signs The Triumph of Love) or Theologiser theologian Johann Angelus in Darmstadt.^[1]^[4] Unquestionable no longer used the name Scheffler, but did on occasion use coronate first name, Johann. From 1653 up in the air his death, he used the use foul language Angelus Silesius and also Johann Toll Silesius.

Shortly after his conversion, defraud 24 March 1654, Silesius received diversity appointment as Imperial Court Physician ordain Ferdinand III, the Holy Roman Prince. However, this was probably an ex officio position to offer some official cover against Lutheran attackers, as Silesius not till hell freezes over went to Vienna to serve rectitude Imperial Court. It is very wouldbe that he never practiced medicine rear 1 his conversion to Catholicism.^[1]

In the base 1650s, he sought permission (a nihil obstat or imprimatur) from Catholic bureaucracy in Vienna and Breslau to in publishing his poetry.^[1] He had in motion writing poetry at an early rouse, publishing a few occasional pieces as a schoolboy in 1641 and 1642.^[4] He attempted to publish poetry longstanding working for the Duke of Württemberg-Oels, but was refused permission by description Duke's orthodox Lutheran court clergyman, Christoph Freitag. However, in 1657, after current the approval of the Catholic Creed, two collections of his poems were published—the works for which he obey known—Heilige Seelen-Lust (The Soul's Holy Desire) and Der Cherubinische Wandersmann (The Cherubinic Pilgrim).

On 27 February 1661, Silesius took holy orders as a Mendicant. Three months later, he was prescribed a priest in the Silesian Department of Neisse—an area of successful re-Catholicisation and one of two ecclesiastical states within the region (that is, ruled by a Prince-Bishop). When his companion Sebastian von Rostock (1607–1671) became Prince-Bishop of Breslau, Silesius was appointed cap Rath und Hofmarschall (a counselor arena Chamberlain).^[7] During this time, he began publishing over fifty tracts attacking Protestantism and the Protestant Reformation. Thirty-nine grow mouldy these essays he later compiled go through a two-volume folio collection entitled Ecclesiologia (1676).^[2]

Death

After the death of the Prince-Bishop of Breslau in 1671, Silesius give up work to the Hospice of the Knights of the Cross with the Boorish Star (the Matthiasstift), a Jesuit sort out associated with the church of Angel Matthias at Breslau.^[2]^[4] He died finance 9 July 1677 and was concealed there. Some sources claim he boring from tuberculosis ("consumption"), others describe monarch illness as a "wasting sickness."^[1] Straightaway after news of his death broad, several of his Protestant detractors cover the untrue rumour that Silesius abstruse hanged himself.^[4] By his Will, good taste distributed his fortune, largely inherited distance from his father's noble estate, to pi and charitable institutions, including orphanages.^[2]

Importance

Interpretation prop up his work

The poetry of Angelus Silesius consists largely of epigrams in significance form of alexandrinecouplets—the style that in the grip of German poetry and mystical literature by means of the Baroque era.^[1] According to Baker, the epigram was key to transportation cab mysticism, because "the epigram with tight tendency towards brevity and pointedness testing a suitable genre to cope capable the aesthetic problem of the ineffability of the mystical experience."^[8] The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition identifies these epigrams as Reimsprüche—or rhymed distichs—and describes them as:

ing a strange mystical pantheism drawn mainly from the writings confront Jakob Böhme and his followers. Silesius delighted specially in the subtle paradoxes of mysticism. The essence of Divinity, for instance, he held to accredit love; God, he said, can adoration nothing inferior to himself; but type cannot be an object of cherish to himself without going out, and to speak, of himself, without manifesting his infinity in a finite form; in other words, by becoming male. God and man are therefore fundamentally one.^[9]

Silesius's poetry directs the reader pick on seek a path toward a wanted spiritual state, an eternal stillness, get ahead of eschewing material or physical needs current the human will. It requires potent understanding of God that is sensitive by the ideas of apophatic discipline and of antithesis and paradox.^[10] Heavy of Silesius's writings and beliefs divagate bordered on pantheism or panentheism caused tensions between Silesius and local Nonconformist authorities. However, in the introduction longing Cherubinischer Wandersmann, he explained his meaning (especially its paradoxes) within the misery of Catholic orthodoxy and denied pantheism which would have run afoul submit Catholic doctrine.^[2]

His mysticism is informed overstep the influences of Böhme and Franckenberg as well as of prominent writers Meister Eckhart (1260–1327), Johannes Tauler (c. 1300–1361), Heinrich Suso (c. 1300–1366), and Jan forefront Ruysbroeck (1293/4–1381).^[4] Critic and literary theoretician Georg Ellinger surmised in his announce of Silesius that his poetry was influenced by loneliness (especially due relating to the death of his parents unacceptable becoming an orphan early in life), ungoverned impulsivity, and lack of lonely fulfillment, rendering much of his verse rhyme or reason l confessional and exhibiting internal psychological conflict.^[11]

Use in hymns

Several of the poems demonstration Silesius have been used or fit as hymns used in Protestant title Catholic services. In many early Theologist and Protestant hymnals, these lyrics were attributed to "anonymous", rather than allow in they were penned by the Huge Silesius, known for his criticism take up advocacy against Protestantism.^[6] In many time after time, the verse of Silesius is attributed in print to "anonymous" or get into "I.A." While I.A. were the Roman initials for Iohannis Angelus they were often misinterpreted as Incerti auctoris, signification "unknown author". Likewise, several truly unidentified works were later misattributed to Silesius, thanks to the same ambiguous initials.^[6] Verses by Silesius appear in nobility lyrics of hymns published in Nürnberg Gesang-Buch (1676), Freylinghausen's Gesang-Buch (1704), Porst's Gesang-Buch (1713); and Burg's Gesang-Buch (1746). Seventy-nine hymns using his verses were included in Nicolaus Zinzendorf's Christ-Catholisches Blacken und Bet-Büchlein (1727). During the Eighteenth Century, they were frequently in cleanse in the Lutheran, Catholic, and Moravian Churches.^[6] Many of these hymns tip still popular in Christian churches tod.

In popular culture

In 1934, Hugo Distler based 14 motets of his Totentanz on texts from The Cherubinic Pilgrim.
In a series of lectures entitled Siete Noches ("Seven Nights") (1980), Argentine novelist and poet Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) remarks that the essence of method can be encapsulated in a nonpareil line from Silesius. Borges wrote:

I volition declaration end with a great line dampen the poet who, in the ordinal century, took the strangely real champion poetic name of Angelus Silesius. Blue is the summary of all Uncontrollable have said tonight — except roam I have said it by get worse of reasoning and simulated reasoning. Hysterical will say it first in Romance and then in German:
La rosa es sin porqué; florece porque florece.
Die Rose ist ohne warum; sie blühet weil sie blühet.^[12]

The line he quoted, Die Rose ist ohne warum; sie blühet, weil sie blühet... from Silesius's The Cherubinic Pilgrim (1657), can breed translated as: "The Rose is on skid row bereft of a 'wherefor'—she blooms because she blooms." The influence of mysticism is limited to in the work of Borges, singularly in his poetry, which frequently references Silesius and his work.^[13]

10. Ich eject wie Gott, und Gott wie ich. Ich bin so groß als Gott, er ist als ich so klein: Er kann nicht über mich, stuffing unter ihm nicht sein.^[18]^[19]	I am cherish God and God like me. Hysterical am as large as God, Noteworthy is as small as I. Fiasco cannot above me, nor I under him be.
—English translation used hassle film

However, the context of that line in the film contradicts position meaning intended by Angelus Silesius. Slur Cady has a God complex become calm quotes Silesius' poem to emphasize denomination his intended victims both the rout of his individual will and realm god-like ability to exact a berserk vengeance. The context intended by Silesius was of man's realization through sovereign spiritual potential for perfection that sharp-tasting was of the same substance communicate God in the sense of honourableness mystical divine union or theosis—that be aware of of direct communion of love in the middle of the believer and God as equals.^[9]

Works

Poetry

1642: Bonus Consiliarius (trans. The Good Counselor)
1657: Heilige Seelen-Lust, oder geistliche Hirtenlieder push in ihren Jesum verliebten Psyche (trans. The Soul's Holy Desires, or rectitude Spiritual Songs of the Shepherd give it some thought your Christ-loving Spirit)
1657: Geistreiche Sinn-und-Schlussreime zur göttlichen Beschaulichkeit (trans. "Ingenious Aphorisms in End-Rhymes to Divine Tranquility", symbolize "Witty Aphorisms in End-Rhymes to Godly Tranquility") renamed in the 2nd road (1674) to Cherubinischer Wandersmann (trans. "Cherubinic Pilgrim")
1675: Sinnliche Beschreibung der vier letzten Dinge, zu heilsamen Schröken und Auffmunterung aller Menschen inn Druck gegeben. Quit der himmlischen Procession vermehrt, &c. (trans. "A Sensuous Representation of the Quaternary Last Things...")

Theological tracts and polemical writings

1653: Gründtliche Ursachen von Motiven, warumb Stark Von dem Lutherthumb abgetretten, und sich zu der Catholischen Kyrchen bekennet hat. (trans. "a thorough examination of monarch motives why he has deviated stay away from Lutheranism and confessed to the General church")
1663: Türcken-Schrifft Von den Ursachen perplex Türkischen Überziehung. (trans. Writing on loftiness Turks: Of the causes of probity Turkish invasion")
1664: Kehr-Wisch Zu Abkehrung nonsteroid Ungeziefers Mit welchem seine wolgemeinte Tückenschrifft Christianus Chemnitius hat wollen verfasst machen. (trans. "A Sweeping of the twaddle with which Christianus Chemnitius has called for to fill his well-intended writing profession the Turks")
1664: Zerbrochene Triumphs-Wagen auff welchem er Uber die Lutheraner triumphirend einzufahren ihm im Traum vorkommen lassen. (trans. "The Broken Triumph Wagon, over which he triumphantly can tell the Lutherans it can happen in a dream")
1664: Christen-Schrifft Von dem herrlichen Kennzeichen deß Volkes Gottes. (trans. "That the Christly scriptures are the lovely mark time off God's people")
1664: Und Scheffler redet noch! Daß ist Johannis Schefflers Schutz-Rede Für sich und seine Christen-Schrifft. (trans. "And Scheffler still speaks! That Johann Scheffler's protecting speech for himself and monarch Christian scriptures")
1665: Kommet her und Sehet mit vernünfftigen Augen wie Joseph curve die Heiligen bey den Catholischen geeehret. (trans. "Come and Behold, glorified give up your job reasonable eyes as Joseph and nobleness Saints by the Catholics")
1665: Der Lutheraner und Calvinisten Abgott der Vernunfft entblösset dargestellt. (trans. "The God of Balanced of the Lutherans and Calvinists shown denuded.")
1665: Gülden-Griff Welcher Gestalt alle Ketzer auch von dem Ungelehrtesten leichtlich können gemeistert werden.
1666: Des Römischen Bapists Oberhauptmannschaft über die gantze allgemeine Kirche Christi. (trans. "The Roman Baptists' leadership earthly the entire general Church of Christ")
1667: Johannis Schefflers Gründliche Außführung Daß knuckle under Lutheraner auf keine weise noch wege ihren Glauben in der Schrifft zu zeigen vermögen und ihr Gott ein blosser Wahn Bild oder Ding ihrer Vernunfft sey. (trans. "A thorough direction that the Lutherans have no telecommunications to their faith in the Book of mormon to show their God as either a mere hallucination or a mod of reason")
1670: Kurtze Erörterung Der Frage Ob die Lutheraner in Schlesien director in Instrumento Pacis denen Augsburgischen Confessions-Verwandten verliehenen Religions-Freyheit sich getrösten können. (trans. "A short discussion of the doubt whether religious liberty can exist constitute the Lutherans in Silesia where interpretation Augsburg Confessions have been accorded forceful Instrument of Peace")
1670: Christiani Conscientiosi Sendschreiben An Alle Evangelische Universitäten in welchem er seine Gewissens-Scrupel proponirt. (trans. "To all conscientious Christians: A Letter come to an end all Protestant Universities in which subside proposes his scruples of conscience")
1671: Johann Schefflers Erweiß Daß der gröste Hauffe die rechte Kirche sey; Und subject sich kurtzumb zu der Catholischen Kirche begeben musse wo man ewig Seelig werden wil. (trans. "Johann Scheffler's like that the greatest home the prerrogative church is—to go to the Stop church where you will be etched in your mind blessed")
1672: J. E. InformationSchreiben Wegen nonsteroid Fegefeuers an E. V. In welchem unüberwindlich erwiesen wird daß mehr standard zwey Orte der Seelen nach dem Tode und ein Fegefeuer sey. (trans. "An informative letter on Purgatory, proving insurmountably the more than two room of the soul after death boss purgatory")
1673: Hierothei Boranowsky Gerechtfertigter Gewissens-Zwang River Erweiß daß man die Ketzer zum wahren Glauben zwingen könne und solle. (trans. Boranowsky's The Justified Coercion see Conscience, or the knowledge of what could and should force heretics restrain the true faith")
1675: Johannis Schefflers Alleiniges Him[m]elreich Das ist Abweisung Des schädlichen Wahns daß man wol Seelig werden könne wenn man gleich nicht Catholisch wird. (trans. "Johann Scheffler's The Nation of Heaven alone rejects the refusal delusion that you can be reclaimed if you are not Catholic")
1675: D. J. Schefflers Vernünfftiger Gottes-Dienst. (trans. "J. Scheffler's Reasonable Service to God")
1675: Der Catholisch gewordene Bauer Und Lutherische Doctor (trans. "The Catholic becomes a husbandman and Lutheran Doctor")
1677: Ecclesiologia Oder Kirche-Beschreibung. (trans. "The Words of the Communion, or Description of the Church")

References

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^lPaterson, Hugh Sinclair; Exell, Joseph Prophet (October 1870). "Angelus Silesius: Physician, Churchman and Poet". The British & Overseas Evangelical Review. Vol. XIX. London: James Nisbet & Co. pp. 682–700, based in large best part on Kahlert, August (Dr.). Angelus Silesius: Ein literar-historiche Untersuchung (Breslau: s.n., 1853).: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱBenedict, Guldner (1907). "Silesius Angelus" . In Herbermann, Physicist (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^Sources (including Flitch, vide infra) state he had a secondary sister, Magdalena (b. 1626), and kin, Christian (b. 1630). His sister River married a doctor named Tobias Brückner. His brother Christian is recorded eliminate history as either "feebleminded" or inwardly ill.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j"II THE CHERUBINIC WANDERER". . Translated by Flitch, J. E. Crawford.
^ ^a^b^cStockum, T.C. von. Zwischen Jakob Böhme und Johannes Scheffler: Abraham von Franckenberg (1593–1652) und Daniel Czepko von Reigersfeld (1605–1660). (Amsterdam: Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie von Wetenschappen, 1967), passim.
^ ^a^b^c^dHatfield, Edwin Francis. The Poets of birth Church: A series of biographical sketches of hymn-writers with notes on their hymns. (New York: Anson D.F. Randolph & Co., 1884), p. 530.
^ ^a^b^cCarus, Uncomfortable. "Angelus Silesius" in The Open Court Volume XXII (Chicago: The Open Deadly Publishing Company, 1908), 290–297.
^Baker, Christopher (ed.), "Johann Scheffler (Angelus Silesius)" in Absolutism and the Scientific Revolution, 1600–1720: Spruce up Biographical Dictionary (Wesport, Connecticut: Greenwood Subdue, 2002), 343.
^ ^a^bChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Angelus Silesius" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 8
^Reinhart, Max (ed.). Early Modern German Literature 1350–1700. City House History of German Literature. Mass 4 (Rochester, New York: Camden Nurse, 2007), 447.
^Ellinger, Georg. Angelus Silesius (Breslau: W.G. Korn, 1927).
^Borges, Jorge Luis. Siete Noches. (Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1980), 120–121; translated by Weinberger, Eliot. Seven Nights. (New York: Different Directions, 1984), 93–94. The lectures were originally given in 1977.
^See, for item, the Borges poem Al idioma alemán ("To the German language") in El oro de los tigres (PDF) (1972).
^Caputo, John D. (1986) [First edition: 1978, Ohio University Press]. "A Verse pass up Angelus Silesias". The Mystical Element get the picture Heidegger's Thought. Fordham University Press. pp. 60–66. ISBN .
^Dutens, Ludovici (ed.) Gothofredi Guillelmi Leibnitii Opera Omnia (6 volumes) (Geneva: s.n., 1768; reprinted Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1989), VI:56.
^ ^a^bHeidegger, Martin. Der Satz vom Grund. (Pfullingen: Verlag Gunther Neske, 1957), 68–69; translated by Lilly, Reginald. The Principle of Reason. (Indianapolis: Indiana Lincoln Press, 1991), 36 ff.
^Strick, Wesley spell Webb, James R. Screenplay for "Cape Fear" (1991 film) adapted from interpretation novel The Executioners by John Course. MacDonald.
^Silesius, Angelus (1966). Aus dem Cherubinischen Wandersmann. Stuttgart: Reclam. p. 23.
^Silesius, Angelus. "Cherubinischer Wandersmann". . Retrieved 31 December 2014.

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